Deep desulfurization of real fuel oils over tin-impregnated graphene oxide-hydrogen peroxide and formic acid catalyst-oxidant system

Herein, Tin-impregnated graphene oxide (Sn/GO) composite was designed and tested for the catalytic removal of sulfides from the simulated and real commercial oils in the hydrogen peroxide and formic acid (HCOOH/H2O2) oxidation system. The prepared GO and Sn/GO were characterized in terms of surface morphology and other catalytic properties, which confirmed that the Sn/GO catalyst has a large surface area and more surface functional groups than GO. The desulfurization activity of the Sn/GO-HCOOH/H2O2 system was analyzed for the model dibenzothiophene (DBT) and real commercial oil at different substrate concentrations, time, temperature, pH, and oxidant and catalyst doses. The results showed that the Sn/GO-HCOOH/H2O2 system removed 97% DBT from the model oil and accumulative sulfur of 90%, 69%, and 61%, respectively, from gasoline, diesel, and kerosene oil employing 0.03 g/10 mL catalyst, 2 mL of H2O2/HCOOH in 50 min at 50 degrees C, and pH 3. Sn/GO could be recycled up to five consecutive runs retaining more than 57% efficiency. Due to its environmental greenness, ease of preparation, and cost-effectiveness, this unique catalyst-oxidant system can be envisioned for the oxidation of sulfides from real oils.

Automated summary

In this study, a Tin-impregnated graphene oxide (Sn/GO) composite was designed and tested for the catalytic removal of sulfides from simulated and real commercial oils. The results showed that the Sn/GO catalyst had a large surface area and more surface functional groups than GO, leading to enhanced desulfurization activity. The unique catalyst-oxidant system exhibited high efficiency in removing sulfides from model and real oils, and the catalyst could be recycled multiple times with good efficiency.