Flame retardant cotton fibers produced using novel synthesized halogen-free phosphoramide nanoparticles

Flame retardant cotton fibers were successfully produced using five new nanosized phosphoramide compounds synthesized by ultrasonic method. The H-1 NMR spectra of compounds 1-3 illustrate (3)J(H,H)(cis) and (3)J(H,H)(trans) corresponding to the splittings of cis and trans protons present in the CH=CH2 bond. Comparing the char lengths of cotton fibers treated with phosphoramides 1-5 indicates that the samples with greater degree of grafting (DG) provide smaller char lengths so that the least and the greatest char lengths are observed for the treated fibers with phosphoramides I and 5, respectively. The very close DG and char lengths of compounds I and 2 can be described based on their chemical structures containing 4-nitroaniline and 4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl aniline groups that both can release electrons through their resonance effects to their corresponding P-N bonds and enhance the P-N system synergistic effect. The TGA/DSC analyses on the treated fibers revealed that the maximum weight losses at 800 degrees C are occurred within the range 43.52% (for fiber treated with 1) to 56.37 (for fiber treated with 5) which are all smaller than that of the raw fiber (56.83%). The in vitro antibacterial activity experiments on phosphoramides 1-5 displayed the greatest and the least antibacterial activities for compounds 2 and 4, respectively. Furthermore, when these phosphoramides are applied on the cotton fibers, they also demonstrate the above order for the antibacterial activities. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.