期刊
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
卷 220, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114987
关键词
Delta 9-THC isomers; Delta 8-THC; Analytical methods; THC isomer potency; Cannabis characterization
资金
- Italian Department of Antidrug Policies
Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta 9-THC) isomers, especially Delta 8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta 8-THC), are increasingly found in foods, beverages, and e-cigarettes liquids. The Agriculture Improvement Act (AIA) played a major role in this increase by removing hemp with less than 0.3% Delta 9-THC from the definition of marijuana. Excess CBD-rich hemp in the market can be converted to Delta 8-THC through a process that yields toxic byproducts. Although both isomers have similar pharmacological activity, Delta 9-THC is generally more potent.
Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta 9-THC) isomers, especially Delta 8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta 8-THC), are increasing in foods, beverages, and e-cigarettes liquids. A major factor is passage of the Agriculture Improvement Act (AIA) that removed hemp containing less than 0.3 % Delta 9-THC from the definition of marijuana or cannabis. CBD-rich hemp flooded the market resulting in excess product that could be subjected to CBD cyclization to produce Delta 8-THC. This process utilizes strong acid and yields toxic byproducts that frequently are not removed prior to sale and are currently inadequately studied. Pharmacological activity is qualitatively similar for Delta 8-THC and Delta 9THC, but most preclinical studies in mice, rats, and monkeys documented greater Delta 9-THC potency. Both isomers caused graded dose-response effects on euphoria, blurred vision, mental confusion and lethargy, although Delta 8THC was at least 25 % less potent. The most common analytical methodologies providing baseline resolution of Delta 8-THC and Delta 9-THC in non-biological matrices are liquid-chromatography coupled to diode-array detection (LC-DAD or LC-PDA), while liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry is preferred for biological matrices. Other available analytical methods are gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (QNMR). Current knowledge on the pharmacology of Delta 8-THC and other Delta 9-THC isomers are reviewed to raise awareness of the activity of these isomers in cannabis products, as well as analytical methods to discriminate Delta 9-THC qualitatively, and quantitatively and Delta 8-THC in biological and non-biological matrices.
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