Optimal placement of distributed generation in radial networks considering reliability and cost indices

In the current paper, the optimal placement merits of distribution generations (DGs) are investigated in the economical version of a grid-parallel mode. The proposed method is constructed based on a probabilistic approach which is called Point Estimate Method (PEM) to consider the uncertainty associated with the load demand prediction error along with the variation of cost of electricity and power production of DGs. The objective functions are the total active power losses, the total emission produced and the total cost related to the grid & DGs and cost of reliability. These functions are set to be optimized that result in utilizing an interactive fuzzy approach based on improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) to let the decision maker apply his/her preferences to the system. It is apt to mention that the application of the interactive fuzzy approach is based on the result of conflicting behaviors of the investigated objective functions. Through using the Tai-Power distribution test system the feasibility and the efficiency of the proposed method have been shown.