Alpha to Omicron: Disease Severity and Clinical Outcomes of Major SARS-CoV-2 Variants

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Prevalence and Durability of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Among Unvaccinated US Adults by History of COVID-19

Jennifer L. Alejo et al.

Summary: This study examines the natural immunity and long-term durability of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among unvaccinated US adults by history of COVID-19 infection through serologic testing.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Omicron Variant (B.1.1.529): Infectivity, Vaccine Breakthrough, and Antibody Resistance

Jiahui Chen et al.

Summary: The Omicron variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused global panic due to its high infectivity and ability to escape vaccines. A comprehensive analysis using an artificial intelligence model and antibody structure analysis reveals that Omicron may be over 10 times more contagious than the original virus and has an 88% likelihood of vaccine escape. This study highlights the importance of developing mutation-proof vaccines and antibodies.

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING (2022)

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Article Virology

Omicron and Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2: A comparative computational study of spike protein

Suresh Kumar et al.

Summary: The emergence of the new SARS-CoV-2 variant, Omicron, has raised concerns due to its potential high affinity for human ACE2, indicating a higher transmission potential. Compared to the Delta variant, Omicron has a significantly different amino acid composition and protein structure, which may affect its stability and ACE2 binding.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2022)

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Article Immunology

Omicron variant showed lower neutralizing sensitivity than other SARS-CoV-2 variants to immune sera elicited by vaccines after boost

Jingwen Ai et al.

Summary: This study explored the immunogenicity of different vaccination strategies against the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. The results showed that the Omicron variant has a high immune escape ability compared to other variants, but heterologous protein subunit vaccines and homologous inactivated vaccine boosters can improve neutralization against Omicron.

EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS (2022)

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Article Microbiology

Omicron SARS-CoV-2 Variant Spike Protein Shows an Increased Affinity to the Human ACE2 Receptor: An In Silico Analysis

Joseph Thomas Ortega et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the changes in the viral spike of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and found an increased interaction with the human ACE2 receptor. This contributes to a better understanding of the impact of Omicron variant on virus pathogenicity.

PATHOGENS (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Decreased severity of disease during the first global omicron variant covid-19 outbreak in a large hospital in tshwane, south africa

F. Abdullah et al.

Summary: This study analyzed the clinical data of COVID-19 patients admitted to a hospital in Tshwane during the Omicron wave, and found that the severity of the disease was decreased compared to previous waves, with lower death rates and ICU admissions.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical severity of, and effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against, covid-19 from omicron, delta, and alpha SARS-CoV-2 variants in the United States: prospective observational study

Adam S. Lauring et al.

Summary: mRNA vaccines were highly effective in preventing covid-19 associated hospital admissions related to the alpha, delta, and omicron variants. Three vaccine doses were required for protection against omicron, while two doses provided protection against delta and alpha variants. Omicron variant showed lower disease severity compared to delta variant but still resulted in morbidity and mortality. Vaccinated patients had lower disease severity than unvaccinated patients for all the variants.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Seroprevalence of Infection-Induced SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies — United States, September 2021–February 2022

Kristie E.N. Clarke et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2022)

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Article Immunology

Monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of COVID-19 patients: An umbrella to overcome the storm?

Simone Mornese Pinna et al.

Summary: This article discusses the largest vaccination effort in history to end the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, and the impact of mutations on vaccine effectiveness. It summarizes the content of clinical trials and existing research on these topics.

INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Estimated transmissibility and impact of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in England

Nicholas G. Davies et al.

Summary: A new variant of SARS-CoV-2 has emerged in England, with a higher reproduction number and potential for large resurgences of COVID-19 cases. Without stringent control measures, it is projected that COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths in England for the first 6 months of 2021 will exceed those in 2020. The variant has spread globally and exhibited similar transmission increases in Denmark, Switzerland, and the United States.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) Variant — United States, December 1–8, 2021

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Vaccine Breakthrough Infections with SARS-CoV-2 Variants

Ezgi Hacisuleyman et al.

Summary: Despite evidence of vaccine efficacy, two fully vaccinated individuals developed mild symptoms of Covid-19 and were infected with variants of SARS-CoV-2. Sequencing of the virus isolates revealed novel mutations, highlighting the potential risk of illness post-vaccination and subsequent infection with variant virus. Efforts to prevent, diagnose, and characterize variants in vaccinated individuals are crucial.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Virology

Neutralizing Antibody Therapeutics for COVID-19

Aeron C. Hurt et al.

Summary: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and the subsequent COVID-19 pandemic have created an urgent need for effective therapeutic strategies. Neutralizing antibodies have shown potential in treating and preventing COVID-19, but their efficacy in severe cases remains varied. Treatment may lead to the formation of antiviral resistant escape mutants, highlighting the importance of exploring strategies to minimize risk.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Genomic Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 Infection During the Initial Pandemic Wave and Association With Disease Severity

Frank P. Esper et al.

Summary: The study found that the clade assignment of SARS-CoV-2 is closely associated with patient outcomes, with certain variants significantly linked to lower hospitalization rates and higher survival rates. Understanding these variants is crucial for clinical risk stratification and may provide important clues to the complex virus-host relationship.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The origins and potential future of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in the evolving COVID-19 pandemic

Sarah P. Otto et al.

Summary: After a year into the COVID-19 pandemic, attention has shifted to the emergence and spread of variants of concern (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2. These variants have shown detrimental effects on virus transmission and severity, prompting global efforts to understand their impact on disease control and public health interventions. Efforts are being made to explore the evolutionary processes involved in the emergence of new variants and to minimize their impact on the ongoing pandemic.

CURRENT BIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Virology

Evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants

Jalen Singh et al.

Summary: This review examines the origins of all known human coronaviruses, the evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2, and the emerging mutations within SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern. It also highlights the impact of these mutations on virus transmission, pathogenicity, and neutralization by natural or vaccine-mediated immunity.

VIROLOGY JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage Among Adults - United States, December 14, 2020-May 22, 2021

Jill Diesel et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2021)

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Article Virology

Assignment of epidemiological lineages in an emerging pandemic using the pangolin tool

Aine O'Toole et al.

Summary: The global virus genomics community has responded unprecedentedly to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, leading to significant advances in 'real-time' generation and sharing of genomic data. The development of new analytical methods, such as pangolin, has been necessary to handle the rapid growth in virus genome data production. Pangolin has processed nearly two million virus genomes, aiding in SARS-CoV-2 genomic epidemiology and providing researchers with valuable information about the pandemic's transmission lineages.

VIRUS EVOLUTION (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Delta variant replication and immune evasion

Petra Mlcochova et al.

Summary: The B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of SARS-CoV-2 has lower sensitivity to antibodies and higher replication efficiency compared to other lineages, which may contribute to its dominance and reduced vaccine effectiveness, highlighting the need for continued infection control measures post-vaccination.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Critical Care Medicine