A critical review on crystal structure mechanisms, microstructural and electrical performances of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-SrTiO3 perovskites

The global demand for Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) based perovskite materials with wide-ranging applications in the sensors, detectors, capacitors, random access memories, and environmental fields is on the increase. The Sr2+ doped BNT system has been extensively investigated in the past decade due to its excellent structural, electrical and microstructural applications. This review encompasses the fundamental state-of-the-art development of BNT-based ceramics, focusing on the underlying SrTiO3 (ST) composition and enhanced crystal structure mechanisms. The diffuse phase transition related to the ferroelectric nature of the sample is specifically demonstrated. BNT-ST in various forms like single crystals, thin films, multi-layers, and polycrystals for enhanced piezoelectric and ferroelectric activities were discussed in detail. Finally, these systems' key challenges and future directions are also included. Indeed, this review will propagate more exhaustive research on non-toxic and cost-effective pathways to produce BNT-based components with dynamic properties, which can be applied in several industrial applications with outstanding performance.

Automated summary

This review focuses on the recent development of BNT-based perovskite materials with emphasis on the SrTiO3 composition and enhanced crystal structure mechanisms. The applications of BNT-ST materials in piezoelectric and ferroelectric activities are discussed, along with the challenges and future directions.