Orientation of nanocarriers in subarachnoid space: A tweak in strategic transport for effective CNS delivery

The modulation of delivery systems using subarachnoid space is considered a breakthrough for direct administration of active to the targeted receptor for treating central nervous system ailments such as epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, migraine, stroke, Parkinsonism, cancer, etc. This review article focuses on various insights to tweak the modulations for subarachnoid space delivery, nanocarrier systems for subarachnoid delivery and clinical trials to enlighten the applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of brain conditions. The strategic modulation in the subarachnoid delivery, such as changing the selective parameters of drug possessing the biophysical property, is considered a compatible way for distribution of drug through subarachnoid space to overcome the issue of a longer period for cerebrospinal fluid clearance, thus reducing the frequency of administration. Another parameter, such as conjugation of active with nanocarriers such as liposomes, dendrimers, cyclodextrins, polymers, stem cells, etc., will help in increasing the solubility of the hydrophobic drug and promoting the entry of such nano-molecules into lipophilic cell membranes to enhance the bioavailability. Direct delivery to subarachnoid space offers an immediate action in case of receptor-oriented delivery at a desirable site with a lower dose and lesser associated side effects. However, limitations of drug-like improper pharmacokinetics and inadequate tissue distribution, development of diseases like fibrosis due to repeated frequency of administration and high risk of infection remain serious concerns. In near future, nanocarriers will highlight the burgeoning of delivery at subarachnoid space for immediate and long-term therapy with higher safety in treatment of various central nervous system conditions such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinsonism, etc.

Automated summary

This article reviews the modulation of delivery systems using subarachnoid space for the treatment of central nervous system ailments and highlights the use of nanocarrier systems for subarachnoid delivery. It also discusses the potential applications of nanomedicine in treating brain conditions.