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Article
Infectious Diseases
Gang Zeng et al.
Summary: The study showed that a two-dose schedule of CoronaVac generated good immune response in adults, and a third dose given 8 months after the second dose effectively recalled specific immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, leading to a remarkable increase in antibody concentration. This indicates that the two-dose schedule provides good immune memory, and a primary third dose given 2 months after the second dose induced slightly higher antibody titres than the primary two doses.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sandile Cele et al.
Summary: The study found that the Omicron variant has reduced neutralizing effectiveness in individuals vaccinated with Pfizer BNT162b2, but those who had previously been infected with SARS-CoV-2 showed better neutralization against Omicron.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Raquel Viana et al.
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in southern Africa has experienced three distinct waves, driven by different variants. The recently identified Omicron variant has rapidly spread in South Africa and to numerous countries, raising global concern.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Samuel M. S. Cheng et al.
Summary: Specific antibody levels against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant decrease significantly after two doses of BNT162b2 or CoronaVac vaccines, but can be markedly increased with a booster dose of BNT162b2. Individuals who previously received two doses of BNT162b2 or CoronaVac showed reduced serum antibody titers against Omicron, while a BNT162b2 booster dose increased the antibody levels in the majority of individuals. This suggests mRNA vaccine boosters may be necessary in countries primarily using CoronaVac vaccines to combat the spread of Omicron.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Samuel M. S. Cheng et al.
Summary: The study found that in vaccinees or prior WT-SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals, PRNT 50 titres for BA.2 and BA.1 were comparable but significantly lower than for the wild type virus. Vaccination with Comirnaty resulted in higher BA.2 titres compared to CoronaVac, while convalescents from a WT-SARS-CoV-2 infection had higher BA.2 titres after a single vaccine dose than after three doses of Comirnaty or CoronaVac in infection-naive individuals.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aekkachai Tuekprakhon et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread globally and has evolved into different sublineages, with BA.4 and BA.5 dominating in South Africa. These sublineages show reduced neutralization by vaccine and naturally immune serum, indicating the possibility of repeat Omicron infections.
Article
Microbiology
Henning Gruell et al.
Summary: The newly emerged Omicron sublineages BA.4/5 show reduced susceptibility to vaccinee sera, with distinct antigenic differences and escape patterns among different Omicron sublineages. However, promising antibodies with high pan-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing potency have also been identified.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Martina E. McMenamin et al.
Summary: In Hong Kong, two doses of either BNT162b2 or CoronaVac vaccines are effective in preventing severe disease and death, with higher effectiveness seen in adults aged 60 years or older with BNT162b2. Three doses of either vaccine offer a very high level of protection against severe or fatal outcomes.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yunlong Cao et al.
Summary: Omicron sublineages BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5 have higher transmissibility and increased evasion of neutralizing antibodies compared to the BA.2 lineage. They exhibit similar binding affinities to the ACE2 receptor as BA.2. BA.1 infection after vaccination boosts humoral immune memory against wild-type SARS-CoV-2, but these antibodies are largely evaded by BA.2 and BA.4/BA.5 variants.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Houriiyah Tegally et al.
Summary: The genomic characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineages BA.4 and BA.5, responsible for the fifth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa, reveals their continued viral diversification and sheds light on the potential mechanisms that allow these new lineages to outcompete their predecessors. These new lineages, BA.4 and BA.5, share identical spike proteins with BA.2 but have certain differences such as the presence of the 69-70 deletion, L452R, F486V, and the wild-type amino acid at Q493. They can be identified by the S-gene target failure, a proxy marker associated with the 69-70 deletion. BA.4 and BA.5 have rapidly replaced BA.2 and have become the dominant lineages in South Africa.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Heba N. Altarawneh et al.
Summary: An analysis of data from Qatar showed that previous infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity all demonstrated effectiveness in protecting against symptomatic Covid-19 caused by the BA.1 and BA.2 sublineages of the Omicron variant.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
John E. Bowen et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of concern, characterized by numerous spike mutations, exhibits enhanced binding to ACE2, reduced fusogenicity, and reduced neutralizing activity against plasma induced by infection or vaccines. However, booster doses based on the Wuhan-Hu-1 spike sequence significantly increase neutralizing antibody titers and breadth against multiple Omicron sublineages.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Khadija Khan et al.
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-lineages BA.4 and BA.5, first identified in South Africa, have mutations in the spike receptor binding domain compared to BA.1. Experimental results show that BA.4 and BA.5 have reduced neutralization against BA.1 in unvaccinated individuals, but this effect is less pronounced in vaccinated individuals.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Einav G. Levin et al.
Summary: A study in Israel revealed that waning immunity after receiving two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine led to an increase in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Levels of spike-binding IgG and neutralizing antibodies decreased more significantly in men, individuals aged 65 or older, and immunosuppressed individuals in a longitudinal study involving nearly 4000 healthcare workers.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qiangzhen Yang et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant's S1 NTD structures show significant differences from the original strain, which could result in reduced recognition by antibodies leading to potential immune escape and decreased effectiveness of existing vaccines. This study provides basic data on Omicron protein structures, laying the groundwork for future research on the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David S. Khoury et al.
Summary: The level of neutralizing antibodies is closely related to immune protection against COVID-19, playing a crucial role in protecting against detected infection and severe infection. Studies have shown that neutralizing titers will decline over time after vaccination, leading to decreased protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Eric H. Y. Lau et al.
Summary: The study reveals that neutralizing antibodies produced after infection with the new coronavirus can still be detected for a considerable time after symptom onset, providing long-lasting protection against reinfection. The duration of this protection may be influenced by virus variants, with antibodies waning faster in children.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sin Fun Sia et al.
