☆ 4.7 Review

Hypercalcemia A Review

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2022)

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Article Rehabilitation

Immobilization-Related Hypercalcemia in a COVID-19 Patient With Prolonged Intensive Care Unit Stay

Jean-Baptiste Mesland et al.

Summary: This case report describes a COVID-19 patient who developed severe hypercalcemia and acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit, requiring continuous renal replacement therapy with regional citrate anticoagulation. By chelating ionized calcium with citrate and administering intravenous calcium to a specific target, the hypercalcemia was successfully managed.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION (2022)

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Review Urology & Nephrology

Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders Associated with Cancer Immunotherapy

Nupur N. Uppal et al.

Summary: Novel immunotherapy drugs have revolutionized cancer medicine, but they can also lead to immune-related adverse events, including electrolyte disorders. This review examines the associated electrolyte disorders, such as hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, hypocalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia. Early recognition and prompt diagnosis are crucial for managing these novel electrolyte disorders.

CLINICAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY (2022)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

The efficacy and safety of cinacalcet in primary hyperparathyroidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and cohort studies

Manju Chandran et al.

Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Cinacalcet in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). The findings suggest that Cinacalcet can effectively lower serum calcium and PTH levels in PHPT patients, with a greater impact on calcium levels in the short term. The drug is safe with tolerable side effects.

REVIEWS IN ENDOCRINE & METABOLIC DISORDERS (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Mortality and Morbidity in Mild Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Results From a 10-Year Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial of Parathyroidectomy Versus Observation

Mikkel Pretorius et al.

Summary: Parathyroidectomy does not seem to reduce mortality or key morbidities in mild primary hyperparathyroidism. No adverse effects of observation were seen for at least a decade, including mortality, fractures, cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, or renal morbidities.

ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Analysis of Comorbidities, Clinical Outcomes, and Parathyroidectomy in Adults With Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Kristian F. Axelsson et al.

Summary: This study suggests that primary hyperparathyroidism is associated with an increased risk of fractures, cardiovascular events, and death. Parathyroidectomy is associated with a reduced risk of these outcomes.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2022)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism

John P. Bilezikian et al.

Summary: This article summarizes new information on the management of primary hyperparathyroidism, covering aspects such as evaluation, diagnosis, epidemiology, and genetics. Through systematic reviews and narrative reviews, it provides the most comprehensive information available to date.

JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

Comparative Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors on Serum Electrolyte Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Pairwise and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Jingjing Zhang et al.

Summary: SGLT2 inhibitors significantly increase serum levels of magnesium and phosphate, consistent with a class effect of SGLT2 inhibition. However, further investigations are needed to assess the long-term efficacy and safety in patients with T2D with different clinical phenotypes.

KIDNEY360 (2022)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Bisphosphonate Versus Bisphosphonate and Calcitonin for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Hypercalcemia of Malignancy

Attiya A. Khan et al.

Summary: In the treatment of moderate to severe hypercalcemia of malignancy, using a combination of IV bisphosphonate and calcitonin resulted in a higher decrease in corrected calcium levels at 48 hours compared to bisphosphonate therapy alone. However, there were no significant differences in initial calcium levels within the first 72 hours, time to normocalcemia, and clinical outcomes. The addition of calcitonin increased costs without substantial clinical benefit, suggesting that providers may consider avoiding its use.

ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Albumin-Corrected Calcium and the Prevalence and Categories of Hypercalcemia in Hospitalized Patients With 1-Year Follow-Up of Undiagnosed Cases

Priyadarshini Balasubramanian et al.

Summary: The study found that using corrected calcium instead of total calcium can increase the detection of hypercalcemia cases by nearly 50% in hospitalized patients. While most undiagnosed cases saw resolution of hypercalcemia within 1 year, a portion of them remained abnormal. The use of corrected calcium to detect hypercalcemic disorders, particularly hyperparathyroidism, could be a cost-effective intervention.

ENDOCRINE PRACTICE (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Pathophysiology of Hypercalcemia

David Goltzman

ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (2021)

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Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

Hypercalcemia as a Biomarker of Poor Prognosis in Frail Elderly Patients with COVID-19

D. Pamart et al.

Summary: This cohort study aimed to investigate the association between hypercalcemia in early COVID-19 and 3-month mortality in frail elderly patients. The results showed that hypercalcemia was associated with a higher mortality rate in this population.

JOURNAL OF NUTRITION HEALTH & AGING (2021)

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Letter Urology & Nephrology

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated electrolyte disorders: query of the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System

Rimda Wanchoo et al.

KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Denosumab can be used successfully as a bridge to surgery in patients with severe hypercalcemia due to primary hyperparathyroidism

Mohammad Shafi Kuchay et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated the efficacy and safety of denosumab in patients with severe hypercalcemia due to PHPT when immediate surgery was not feasible. Denosumab was able to control hypercalcemia and allow the stabilization of patients in cases where other measures were inadequate or contraindicated.

ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY METABOLISM (2021)

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Letter Immunology

Granulomatous manifestations associated with COVID19 infection: Is there a link between these two diseases?

Philippe Mertz et al.

AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Exercise-induced hypercalcemia and vasopressin-mediated bone resorption

M. Senda et al.

Summary: Elevated arginine vasopressin levels during heavy exercise are associated with increased serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, suggesting a link between exercise-induced hypercalcemia and bone resorption. Experimental studies have shown that arginine vasopressin stimulates osteoclast activity. Post-exercise calcium levels increased, with no impact from catecholamines after adjustment.

OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL (2021)

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Review Orthopedics

Comparison of denosumab and zoledronic acid for the treatment of solid tumors and multiple myeloma with bone metastasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials

Lianghai Jiang et al.

Summary: Denosumab outperforms zoledronic acid in delaying first-and-subsequent skeletal-related events, with lower incidence of renal toxicity and acute phase reaction, but higher incidence of hypocalcemia and osteonecrosis of the jaw in treating advanced cancer with bone metastasis. More randomized controlled trials are needed for further evaluation.

JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND RESEARCH (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Hypercalcemia following discontinuation of denosumab therapy: A systematic review

Keisuke Horiuchi et al.

Summary: Denosumab, a monoclonal antibody approved for treating various disorders in skeletally mature patients, raises concerns for use in skeletally immature patients due to the potential development of refractory hypercalcemia after discontinuation. Studies suggest a male predisposition, correlation between treatment duration and patient age, and occurrence of hypercalcemia within 3 months post-treatment in skeletally immature patients. High bone formation and turnover rates may play a critical role in this condition, but other unidentified factors are likely involved, as not all patients develop hypercalcemia.

BONE REPORTS (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Case Series: Hypercalcemia From Granulomatous Silicosis Developing After COVID-19 Infection

Ashley Bray et al.

Summary: Hypercalcemia, a common laboratory abnormality in clinical medicine, can be caused by various factors, with the novel coronavirus potentially being a newly found cause, especially in individuals with a history of silicone injections. This case series describes two patients with symptomatic hypercalcemia likely from prior silicone injections, interestingly, each patient only developed symptoms post-SARS-CoV-2 infection.

JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE HIGH IMPACT CASE REPORTS (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

The Risk of Iatrogenic Hypercalcemia in Patients Undergoing Calcium Sulphate Beads Implantation in Prosthetic Joint Surgery: A Systematic Review

Muhammad Yasir Tarar et al.

Summary: Calcium sulphate beads are increasingly used in managing prosthetic joint infections, evolving into an antibiotic delivery system. Limited literature on the topic makes it challenging to decide on their use in patients predisposed to hypercalcemia. The systematic review shows they are safe and effective against PJI, with a risk of transient hypercalcemia in susceptible patients and low risk of symptomatic hypercalcemia.

CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Rhabdomyolysis and severe biphasic disturbance of calcium homeostasis secondary to COVID-19 infection

Adrian Po Zhu Li et al.

Summary: A woman with COVID-19 developed severe hypercalcaemia secondary to rhabdomyolysis, leading to acute kidney injury, which was managed by continuous haemofiltration for control of calcium levels.

BMJ CASE REPORTS (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Hypercalcemia in Children Using the Ketogenic Diet: A Multicenter Study

Colin P. Hawkes et al.

Summary: This study highlights the association of acute hypercalcemia in children on the ketogenic diet, especially in the presence of renal impairment. Most patients were able to maintain normal calcium levels after treatment, with only a few experiencing recurrence of hypercalcemia.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2021)

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Review Geriatrics & Gerontology

Vitamin D supplementation: upper limit for safety revisited?

Rene Rizzoli

Summary: The therapeutic window of vitamin D supplementation may be narrower than previously recognized. Preventing and correcting vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency with 800-1000 IU of vitamin D per day or 10 µg/day of calcifediol is safe. Larger doses given on the long term or in intermittent regimens should be avoided due to potential harm.

AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Calcitriol Elevation Is Associated with a Higher Risk of Refractory Hypercalcemia of Malignancy in Solid Tumors

Tariq Chukir et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Denosumab for management of severe hypercalcemia in primary hyperparathyroidism

Anna Eremkina et al.

ENDOCRINE CONNECTIONS (2020)

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Review Oncology

Cinacalcet for the Treatment of Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy: An Introductory Case Report with a Pathophysiologic and Therapeutic Review

Michael Sheehan et al.

CASE REPORTS IN ONCOLOGY (2020)

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Review Oncology

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced sarcoidosis-like granulomas

Pooja H. Rambhia et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2019)

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Article Immunology

Parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP)-mediated hypercalcemia in malignancy associated with anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment and related inflammatory reactions

Maria V. Deligiorgi et al.

INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY (2019)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Seasonal hypercalcaemia; consider CYP24A1 mutation

J. Willows et al.

QJM-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2019)

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Article Surgery

The devil is in the details: Assessing treatment and outcomes of 6,795 patients undergoing remedial parathyroidectomy in the Collaborative Endocrine Surgery Quality Improvement Program

Hadiza S. Kazaure et al.

SURGERY (2019)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Hypercalcemia associated with cosmetic injections: a systematic review

Niranjan Tachamo et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (2018)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Seasonal hypercalcaemia

D. Hosadurg et al.

QJM-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2018)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Should total calcium be adjusted for albumin? A retrospective observational study of laboratory data from central Norway

Ingrid Alsos Lian et al.

BMJ OPEN (2018)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Misclassification of Calcium Status Based on Albumin-Adjusted Calcium: Studies in a Tertiary Hospital Setting

Joel D. Smith et al.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Parathyroid hormone controls paracellular Ca2+ transport in the thick ascending limb by regulating the tight-junction protein Claudin14

Tadatoshi Sato et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2017)

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Article Oncology

Malignancy-Related Hypercalcemia in Advanced Solid Tumors: Survival Outcomes

Ricardo Emanuel de Oliveira Ramos et al.

JOURNAL OF GLOBAL ONCOLOGY (2017)

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Review Nutrition & Dietetics

Hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and kidney stones in long-term studies of vitamin D supplementation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Zarintaj Malihi et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION (2016)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Thiazide-Associated Hypercalcemia: Incidence and Association With Primary Hyperparathyroidism Over Two Decades

Marcio L. Griebeler et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2016)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Nivolumab for Recurrent Squamous-Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck

R. L. Ferris et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2016)

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Article Surgery

The American Association of Endocrine Surgeons Guidelines for Definitive Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Scott M. Wilhelm et al.

JAMA SURGERY (2016)

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Article Oncology

Untitled

Cancer Medicine (2016)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Parathyroid hormone: anabolic and catabolic actions on the skeleton

Barbara C. Silva et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN PHARMACOLOGY (2015)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Effects of Parathyroidectomy Versus Observation on the Development of Vertebral Fractures in Mild Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Karolina Lundstam et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2015)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Low vitamin D levels have become less common in primary hyperparathyroidism

M. D. Walker et al.

OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL (2015)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

The diagnosis and management of hypercalcaemia

Salvatore Minisola et al.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2015)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

The diagnosis and management of hypercalcaemia

Salvatore Minisola et al.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2015)

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Article Orthopedics

Hypercalcaemia following the use of antibiotic-eluting absorbable calcium sulphate beads in revision arthroplasty for infection

R. Kallala et al.

BONE & JOINT JOURNAL (2015)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Hypercalcemia Associated with Calcium Supplement Use: Prevalence and Characteristics in Hospitalized Patients

Maria C. Machado et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2015)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

Renal Control of Calcium, Phosphate, and Magnesium Homeostasis

Judith Blaine et al.

CLINICAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY (2015)

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Review Orthopedics

Mechanisms of osteolytic and osteoblastic skeletal lesions

G. David Roodman et al.

BONEKEY REPORTS (2015)

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Article Hematology

Denosumab for the Management of Hypercalcemia of Malignancy in Patients With Multiple Myeloma and Renal Dysfunction

Jonathan D. Cicci et al.

Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma & Leukemia (2014)

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Article Oncology

Endocrine-related adverse events following ipilimumab in patients with advanced melanoma: a comprehensive retrospective review from a single institution

Mabel Ryder et al.

ENDOCRINE-RELATED CANCER (2014)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Denosumab for Management of Parathyroid Carcinoma-Mediated Hypercalcemia

Priyathama Vellanki et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2014)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Denosumab for Treatment of Hypercalcemia of Malignancy

Mimi I. Hu et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2014)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Diagnosis of Asymptomatic Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop

Richard Eastell et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2014)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Calcitriol-Mediated Hypercalcemia: Causes and Course in 101 Patients

Peter J. Donovan et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2013)

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Article Oncology

Bone-Related Complications and Quality of Life in Advanced Breast Cancer: Results from a Randomized Phase III Trial of Denosumab versus Zoledronic Acid

Miguel Martin et al.

CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2012)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Hypercalcemia, Hypercalciuria, and Elevated Calcitriol Concentrations with Autosomal Dominant Transmission Due to CYP24A1 Mutations: Effects of Ketoconazole Therapy

Peter J. Tebben et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2012)

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Article Oncology

Cinacalcet for Hypercalcemia Caused by Pulmonary Squamous Cell Carcinoma Producing Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide

Anneke Bech et al.

CASE REPORTS IN ONCOLOGY (2012)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Vitamin D Toxicity due to a Commonly Available Over the Counter Remedy from the Dominican Republic

Hyesoo Lowe et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2011)

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Review Transplantation

The exchangeable calcium pool: physiology and pathophysiology in chronic kidney disease

Markus Pirklbauer et al.

NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION (2011)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Administration of the bisphosphonate ibandronate (BM 21.0955) by intravenous bolus injection

Martin Pecherstorfer et al.

JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH (2010)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

Parathyroid Hormone Activates TRPV5 via PKA-Dependent Phosphorylation

Theun de Groot et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY (2009)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

The natural history of primary hyperparathyroidism with or without parathyroid surgery after 15 years

Mishaela R. Rubin et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2008)

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Article Surgery

Unilateral versus bilateral neck exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism - Five-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial

Johan Westerdahl et al.

ANNALS OF SURGERY (2007)

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Article Surgery

1112 consecutive bilateral neck explorations for primary hyperparathyroidism

John Allendorf et al.

WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGERY (2007)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Medical observation, compared with parathyroidectomy, for asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism:: A prospective, randomized trial

Jens Bollerslev et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2007)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Alendronate in primary hyperparathyroidism: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

AA Khan et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2004)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Regulation of the epithelial Ca2+ channels TRPV5 and TRPV6 by 1α,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 and dietary Ca2+

SFJ van de Graaf et al.

JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2004)

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Article Oncology

Efficacy and safety of ibandronate in the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy:: a randomized multicentric comparison to pamidronate

M Pecherstorfer et al.

SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER (2003)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Vitamin D-mediated hypercalcemia in lymphoma: Evidence for hormone production by tumor-adjacent macrophages

M Hewison et al.

JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH (2003)

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Article Surgery

Six hundred fifty-six consecutive explorations for primary hyperparathyroidism

R Udelsman

ANNALS OF SURGERY (2002)

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Article Oncology

Zoledronic acid is superior to pamidronate in the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy: A pooled analysis of two randomized, controlled clinical trials

P Major et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2001)

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