4.7 Review

Extracellular Vesicles: The Next Generation Theranostic Nanomedicine for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

期刊

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE
卷 17, 期 -, 页码 3893-3911

出版社

DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S370784

关键词

extracellular vesicles; exosome; exosome-like nanoparticles; inflammatory bowel disease; theranostic

资金

  1. Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation [2018A0303100024]
  2. Three Engineering Training Funds in Shenzhen [SYLY201718, SYJY201714, SYLY201801]
  3. Science and Technology Innovation Committee of Shenzhen [JCYJ20150403101028164, JCYC20170307100911479, JCYJ20190807145617113, JCYJ20210324113802006]
  4. National Natural Science Foundation of China [81800489]

向作者/读者索取更多资源

The rapid development of extracellular vesicles (EVs) based nanotechnology has provided unprecedented opportunities for nanomedicine platforms. EVs, such as exosomes and exosome-like nanoparticles, play important roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through their interaction and communication with intestinal epithelial cells, immune cells, and gut microbiota. They have the potential to be used as theranostic nanomedicine for IBD treatment.
The recent rapid development in the field of extracellular vesicles (EVs) based nanotechnology has provided unprecedented opportunities for nanomedicine platforms. As natural nanocarriers, EVs such as exosomes, exosome-like nanoparticles and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), have unique structure/composition/morphology characteristics, and show excellent physical and chemical/biochemical properties, making them a new generation of theranostic nanomedicine. Here, we reviewed the characteristics of EVs from the perspective of their formation and biological function in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Moreover, EVs can crucially participate in the interaction and communication of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs)-immune cells-gut microbiota to regulate immune response, intestinal inflammation and intestinal homeostasis. Interestingly, based on current representative examples in the field of exosomes and exosome-like nanoparticles for IBD treatment, it is shown that plant, milk, and cells-derived exosomes and exosomelike nanoparticles can exert a therapeutic effect through their components, such as proteins, nucleic acid, and lipids. Moreover, several drug loading methods and target modification of exosomes are used to improve their therapeutic capability. We also discussed the application of exosomes and exosome-like nanoparticles in the treatment of IBD. In this review, we aim to better and more clearly clarify the underlying mechanisms of the EVs in the pathogenesis of IBD, and provide directions of exosomes and exosome-like nanoparticles mediated for IBD treatment.

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