期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 23, 期 18, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810862
关键词
viral hepatitis; exosomes; immune response; quasi-enveloped; immunosuppression; HCC; fibrosis; cargo; HCV; HBV
资金
- European Union (European Social FundESF) through the Operational Program Human Resources Development, Education and Lifelong Learning 2014-2020 [MIS: 5050621]
The development of smart immune evasion mechanisms is crucial for the establishment of acute and chronic viral hepatitis. This review discusses how hepatitis viruses exploit exosome biogenesis and transport capacity to establish successful infection and spread, as well as the contribution of exosomes in viral persistence and liver disease progression.
The development of smart immune evasion mechanisms is crucial for the establishment of acute and chronic viral hepatitis. Hepatitis is a major health problem worldwide arising from different causes, such as pathogens, metabolic disorders, and xenotoxins, with the five hepatitis viruses A, B, C, D, and E (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, and HEV) representing the majority of the cases. Most of the hepatitis viruses are considered enveloped. Recently, it was reported that the non-enveloped HAV and HEV are, in reality, quasi-enveloped viruses exploiting exosomal-like biogenesis mechanisms for budding. Regardless, all hepatitis viruses use exosomes to egress, regulate, and eventually escape from the host immune system, revealing another key function of exosomes apart from their recognised role in intercellular communication. This review will discuss how the hepatitis viruses exploit exosome biogenesis and transport capacity to establish successful infection and spread. Then, we will outline the contribution of exosomes in viral persistence and liver disease progression.
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