Research Progress on the Therapeutic Effect of Polysaccharides on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through the Regulation of the Gut-Liver Axis

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Inulin activates FXR-FGF15 signaling and further increases bile acids excretion in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease mice

Rui Wang et al.

Summary: Inulin reverses lipid metabolism disorders and abnormal accumulation of bile acids in NAFLD mice by modulating bile acids signaling.

BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Integrative & Complementary Medicine

Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides Promotes Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Energy Balance in a NAFLD Cell Model

Zhang Yan-nan et al.

Summary: The study shows that Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) can significantly reduce intracellular lipid accumulation, improve markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and promote mitochondrial biogenesis and energy balance.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

MDG, an Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharide, inhibits non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila

Li Zhang et al.

Summary: MDG, derived from Ophiopogon japonicus, has a protective effect against obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study found that MDG supplementation improved lipid accumulation, liver steatosis, and chronic inflammation in NAFLD mice induced by a high-fat diet. It also increased the abundance and diversity of gut microbial communities. The results suggest that MDG treatment can inhibit obesity and the NAFLD process by modulating lipid-related pathways and altering the structure and diversity of gut microbiota.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Protective effects of polysaccharides from Atractylodes macrocephalae Koidz. against dextran sulfate sodium induced intestinal mucosal injury on mice

Lixia Kai et al.

Summary: The water-soluble polysaccharides AMP from Atractylodes macrocephalae Koidz. have protective effects on intestinal mucosal barrier injury induced by DSS in mice. AMP alleviates body weight decreases, shortens colon length, ameliorates colonic damage, decreases proinflammatory cytokines, and modulates intestinal microbiota to increase beneficial bacteria ratio.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

The Gut-Liver Axis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Association of Intestinal Permeability with Disease Severity and Treatment Outcomes

Yu-Pei Zhuang et al.

Summary: The study investigated the association between intestinal permeability and severity of NAFLD, as well as the predictive value of intestinal permeability in determining the efficacy of metabolic therapy for NAFLD patients.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE (2022)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The Role of Gut-Derived Lipopolysaccharides and the Intestinal Barrier in Fatty Liver Diseases

Lingxuan An et al.

Summary: Hepatosteatosis is the earliest stage in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease, strongly linked with obesity. Gut dysbiosis and gut barrier dysfunction crucially contribute to the development of chronic liver disease. Treatments targeting the gut microbiome and gut barrier have shown potential benefits in attenuating liver inflammation.

JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A polysaccharide from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit attenuates high-fat diet-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and inflammation in mice by modulating the gut microbiota

Lei Wang et al.

Summary: The study found that the polysaccharide RTFP can repair intestinal barrier dysfunction, reduce levels of inflammatory cytokines, inhibit intestinal permeability and colonic oxidative stress in mice fed on a high-fat diet.

FOOD & FUNCTION (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Understanding the Role of the Gut Microbiome and Microbial Metabolites in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Current Evidence and Perspectives

Natalia Vallianou et al.

Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, often starting as a benign liver fat accumulation that can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and increase the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent studies have highlighted the role of gut dysbiosis, which can lead to increased gut permeability and the release of toxic bacterial products and proinflammatory cytokines, causing and sustaining inflammation. The composition of the gut microbiota and various metabolites may vary during different stages of NAFLD and among population groups, and further research is needed to determine the causal relationship between gut microbiota profiles and NAFLD in patients. Additionally, multiple metabolites may contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD.

BIOMOLECULES (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Lentinan Protects against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis via the PPARα Pathway

Tingyi Du et al.

Summary: This study shows that Lentinan (LNT) can ameliorate hepatic steatosis, decrease oxidative stress and apoptosis by activating the PPAR alpha pathway, providing a potential drug target for NAFLD.

METABOLITES (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Role of Gut-Liver Axis in Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis Associated NAFLD and NAFLD-HCC

Qian Song et al.

Summary: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease worldwide due to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and metabolomic changes play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of NAFLD through the gut-liver axis.

BIOMEDICINES (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Bile acid and receptors: biology and drug discovery for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Ting-ying Jiao et al.

Summary: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by lipid accumulation in liver cells, has become the primary cause of chronic liver diseases worldwide. The progression of NAFLD to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is strongly related to multiple metabolic disorders and diseases. Disturbances in bile acid metabolism play a significant role in NASH pathogenesis, and bile acid receptors are considered attractive targets for NASH treatment.

ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA (2022)

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Review Integrative & Complementary Medicine

Molecular Mechanism of Polysaccharides Extracted from Chinese Medicine Targeting Gut Microbiota for Promoting Health

Wen-xiao Zhao et al.

Summary: Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the pathological process of various diseases, and polysaccharides extracted from Chinese medicine have shown potential as prebiotics for promoting health. These polysaccharides not only alleviate pathological conditions but also have anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, blood glucose and lipid-lowering, anti-cancer, and anti-oxidative effects. The mechanisms of action involve changes in gut microbiota composition and metabolism pathways, as well as indirect effects through gut-organ axis or synergistic actions with other drugs or components mediated by gut microbiota.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Immunology

The critical role of short-chain fatty acids in health and disease: A subtle focus on cardiovascular disease-NLRP3 inflammasome-angiogenesis axis

Juan Yao et al.

Summary: This review summarizes the impact of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and highlights the interaction between SCFAs and CVD, NLRP3 inflammasome, and angiogenesis.

CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

The role of microbiota in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Agostino Di Ciaula et al.

Summary: The dysbiosis of gut microbiota is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which may contribute to the development and progression of NAFLD through various mechanisms, including the disruption of intestinal barrier and immune responses. Toxic chemicals in food and water may also be involved in the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and NAFLD.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Inulin fructans in diet: Role in gut homeostasis, immunity, health outcomes and potential therapeutics

Mahmoud M. Tawfick et al.

Summary: Inulin has prebiotic effects by enhancing the growth and functionality of Bifidobacterium bacteria, influencing host gene expression and metabolism, and producing short-chain fatty acids through bacterial fermentation. It has potential preventive and therapeutic applications for various metabolic disorders, but may also have negative effects on the gastrointestinal system and worsen inflammatory bowel disease. Understanding the mechanisms of inulin's action is crucial for optimizing gut health and selecting appropriate treatment strategies.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (2022)

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Review Microbiology

Targeting Gut Microbiota With Natural Polysaccharides: Effective Interventions Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Diseases

Chao-Yue Sun et al.

Summary: Unhealthy diet can cause metabolic disorders, and the gut microbiota has been found to play a crucial role in these disorders. Natural polysaccharides can improve high-fat diet-induced metabolic diseases by regulating the gut microbiota.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2022)

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Review Microbiology

Roles of Secretory Immunoglobulin A in Host-Microbiota Interactions in the Gut Ecosystem

E. Daniel Leon et al.

Summary: The interaction between the immune system and the gastrointestinal microbiota is crucial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), the principal antibody produced in the gastrointestinal mucosa, plays an important role in modulating the gut microbiota. SIgA molecules can bind to different antigens on bacterial surfaces and exhibit cross-species reactivity, which helps in regulating and promoting beneficial members of the microbiota.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2022)

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Review Peripheral Vascular Disease

How Dietary Fibre, Acting via the Gut Microbiome, Lowers Blood Pressure

Chudan Xu et al.

Summary: A high-fibre diet lowers blood pressure through gut microbiome metabolites, preventing cardiovascular disease, but the exact mechanisms are not fully understood. Lack of dietary fibre can lead to changes in gut microbiota and increased blood pressure.

CURRENT HYPERTENSION REPORTS (2022)

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Review Microbiology

Structure and function of non-digestible carbohydrates in the gut microbiome

R. A. Rastall et al.

Summary: Carbohydrates are one of the essential nutrients in human diet. Digestible carbohydrates provide energy, while non-digestible carbohydrates have an impact on gut microbiota and human physiological systems.

BENEFICIAL MICROBES (2022)

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Review Microbiology

The Role of Gut Microbiota-Bile Acids Axis in the Progression of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Yiming Ni et al.

Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing global health problem with suboptimal treatments. Bile acids and gut microbiota play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, and investigating these factors may aid in the development of novel drugs.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2022)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

The Function of Natural Polysaccharides in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis

Yafei Guo et al.

Summary: This paper discusses the role of natural polysaccharides in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Natural polysaccharides can modulate inflammatory factors, the immune system, and intestinal flora, as well as preserve the intestinal mucosa. Therefore, natural polysaccharides have the potential to be new medications for UC treatment.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2022)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Chinese Herbal Medicine for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sihan Peng et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The results showed that CHM combined with western medicine (WM) was more effective than WM alone in improving lipid and glucose metabolism, liver function, insulin resistance, overall efficiency, and reducing body weight.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2022)

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Review Cell Biology

Versatile Triad Alliance: Bile Acid, Taurine and Microbiota

Kalina Duszka

Summary: Taurine plays multiple essential roles in the body, including development, energy production, osmoregulation, and protection against oxidative stress and inflammation. It interacts with bile acids and gut microbiota, providing protection to the host and energy source for microbiota.

CELLS (2022)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Poria cocos polysaccharide prevents alcohol-induced hepatic injury and inflammation by repressing oxidative stress and gut leakiness

Yue-hang Jiang et al.

Summary: The study showed that Poria cocos polysaccharide (PCP-1C) has a significant protective effect on alcoholic liver disease (ALD), reducing liver injury, inflammation, and hepatocyte apoptosis. It also improves intestinal barrier function.

FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION (2022)

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Article Plant Sciences

Poria cocos polysaccharides rescue pyroptosis-driven gut vascular barrier disruption in order to alleviates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Haixin Ye et al.

Summary: This study aims to explore the protective mechanism of Poria cocos polysaccharides (PCP) on the intestinal barrier under a high-fat diet and clarify the relationship between intestinal barrier damage and steatohepatitis.

JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Astragalus mongholicus polysaccharides ameliorate hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation as well as modulate gut microbiota in NAFLD rats

Mingyue Zhong et al.

Summary: This study investigated the effects of Astragalus mongholicus polysaccharides (mAPS) on lipid metabolism, inflammation, and gut microbiota in a rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The results showed that mAPS supplementation reduced body weight, liver function markers, insulin resistance, and histological changes in the liver. mAPS also decreased serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Furthermore, mAPS modulated signaling pathways and gut microbiota composition, resulting in reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation in NAFLD. These findings provide new evidence for mAPS as a natural active substance in the treatment of NAFLD.

FOOD & FUNCTION (2022)

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Review Food Science & Technology

Polysaccharides: bowel health and gut microbiota

Moon Ho Do et al.

Summary: Polyasaccharides, including starch, non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs), and resistant starch (RS), have various biological benefits for bowel health by influencing gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids (SCFA). The physiological impacts of NSPs and RS on intestinal health are similar, with effects such as anti-inflammation and immune modulation. Bacterial and host-derived polysaccharides play important roles in immune modulation and overall intestinal health, suggesting further studies on polysaccharides are crucial for bowel health.

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION (2021)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Epidemiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Katherine A. McGlynn et al.

Summary: Liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a major global health concern. While HBV and HCV remain important risk factors for HCC, efforts in vaccination and treatment are showing promise. However, the increasing prevalence of metabolic risk factors like obesity and diabetes, as well as other factors like excessive alcohol consumption, present ongoing challenges in the prevention of liver cancer.

HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Impaired intestinal barrier function in type 2 diabetic patients measured by serum LPS, Zonulin, and IFABP

Jie-Hao Yuan et al.

Summary: The study reveals that the intestinal barrier function is impaired in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Poor glycemic control and more chronic complications of diabetes are associated with worse intestinal barrier function. Treatment with aspirin does not worsen the impairment of intestinal barrier in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

JOURNAL OF DIABETES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS (2021)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Role of microbiota and related metabolites in gastrointestinal tract barrier function in NAFLD

Maria Victoria Fernandez-Cantos et al.

Summary: The gastrointestinal tract consists of four main barriers: microbiological, chemical, physical, and immunological, which play crucial roles in maintaining its homeostasis. Microbiota have been shown to influence the integrity of the GI tract barrier, and alterations in gut microbiome can lead to increased intestinal permeability. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), one of the most common chronic liver diseases, has been linked to changes in gut microbiota and barrier integrity, but the causal relationship between them is still not fully understood.

TISSUE BARRIERS (2021)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Emerging Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Evangelia Makri et al.

Summary: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, with its prevalence rising due to increasing rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is not fully understood, with factors such as adipokines, gut microbiota, and genetic predisposition playing a role in addition to weight gain and insulin resistance. Liver biopsy is currently the gold standard for diagnosis and staging, but early use of noninvasive biomarkers is essential for identifying patients at different stages of the disease.

ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Characterization of gut microbial structural variations as determinants of human bile acid metabolism

Daoming Wang et al.

Summary: The study found correlations between genetic variations in gut microbiota and host bile acid metabolism, highlighting the potential of lifestyle interventions in regulating bile acid metabolism through targeting gut microbiota.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Soluble Polysaccharide Derived from Laminaria japonica Attenuates Obesity-Related Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Associated with Gut Microbiota Regulation

Yiping Zhang et al.

Summary: The polysaccharide derived from Laminaria japonica can reduce obesity-related abnormalities, modulate gene expressions related to lipid and cholesterol metabolism in the liver, and improve hepatic steatosis caused by a high-fat diet; additionally, it can also improve obesity-related dysbiosis by regulating gut microbiota.

MARINE DRUGS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides from Ganoderma on immune effector cells

Li Ren et al.

Summary: Polysaccharides from Ganoderma, as the most abundant bioactive compounds, exhibit unique biological properties such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities. They can potentially be applied for the modulation of the host immune system, including innate immunity, cellular immunity, and humoral immunity.

FOOD CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Review Food Science & Technology

Review of the relationships among polysaccharides, gut microbiota, and human health

Qianqian Song et al.

Summary: Intestinal flora plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of the human body's ecosystem. By interacting with polysaccharides, the gut microbiota can be regulated to improve health and prevent disease. Polysaccharides, as prebiotics, have the potential to enhance human health by modulating the composition of gut microbiota.

FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Bile Acids and Microbiota: Multifaceted and Versatile Regulators of the Liver-Gut Axis

Niklas Gruener et al.

Summary: Bile acids synthesized in hepatic tissues are secreted into the intestinal lumen, where they interact with gut microbiota to regulate various physiological processes of the host. Disruptions in the interactions between gut bacteria and bile acids are associated with a range of disorders.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Sacran, a sulfated polysaccharide, suppresses the absorption of lipids and modulates the intestinal flora in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model rats

Miwa Goto et al.

Summary: The study showed that administration of sacran decreased oxidative stress, improved liver biochemical parameters, and had inhibitory effects on hepatic injury and inflammation. Additionally, sacran had significant impacts on gut microbiota composition.

LIFE SCIENCES (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Protective Role of Butyrate against Obesity and Obesity-Related Diseases

Serena Coppola et al.

Summary: Obesity is a global public health issue associated with various comorbidities, including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The changes in gut microbiota play a key role in the development of obesity, and butyrate may have potential in alleviating obesity and related comorbidities.

MOLECULES (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Hepatoprotection of Lycii Fructus Polysaccharide against Oxidative Stress in Hepatocytes and Larval Zebrafish

Fang Zhang et al.

Summary: Natural polysaccharide LFP-a1 isolated from Lycii fructus showed hepatoprotective effects in NAFLD models by regulating oxidative stress and apoptotic pathways, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent for liver diseases.

OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY (2021)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Gut Microbiota Reshaped by Pectin Treatment Improves Liver Steatosis in Obese Mice

Camille Houron et al.

Summary: The study suggests that pectin plays a positive role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by affecting gut bacteria, with preventive and curative fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) having different mechanisms of action on NAFLD.

NUTRIENTS (2021)

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Review Immunology

The Gut-Liver Axis in Health and Disease: The Role of Gut Microbiota-Derived Signals in Liver Injury and Regeneration

Zhipeng Zheng et al.

Summary: Liver diseases often involve liver regeneration after injury, which can be influenced by changes in gut microbiota and signals through the gut-liver axis. Modulation of gut microbiota by antibiotics or probiotics impacts liver injury and regeneration. Microbial metabolites such as lipopolysaccharide and bile acids may play roles in these processes.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The interaction between the gut microbiota and dietary carbohydrates in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Grace Park et al.

Summary: The imbalance between fat production and consumption leads to various metabolic disorders, with NAFLD being a pathology characterized by abnormally increased fat synthesis. Despite commonly associated with obesity and insulin resistance, NAFLD can also affect lean individuals, indicating specific metabolic dysfunction. This disease has become prevalent in adults worldwide and has seen a significant increase in incidence among children and adolescents in developed nations.

EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Diet-Related Alterations of Gut Bile Salt Hydrolases Determined Using a Metagenomic Analysis of the Human Microbiome

Baolei Jia et al.

Summary: The study indicates that different dietary patterns can affect the abundance of bile salt hydrolases (BSHs) and the community structure of BSH-active bacteria, with a ketogenic diet (KD) increasing BSH abundance and altering the community structure of BSH-active bacteria.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Molecular and Cellular Mediators of the Gut-Liver Axis in the Progression of Liver Diseases

Alix Bruneau et al.

Summary: The gut-liver axis refers to the bidirectional communication system between the gut and the liver, crucial for maintaining liver homeostasis. However, disruptions in the gut-liver axis have been linked to the progression of chronic liver diseases such as fatty liver, steatohepatitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis.

FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Partially hydrolyzed guar gum attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice through the gut-liver axis

Shun Takayama et al.

Summary: The study found that PHGG partially prevented NAFLD development in mice by modulating microbiota and SCFA profiles.

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

FXR activation protects against NAFLD via bile-acid-dependent reductions in lipid absorption

Bethan L. Clifford et al.

Summary: FXR agonists are used to treat NAFLD by controlling hepatic lipid absorption and fatty acid synthesis, specifically reducing levels of MUFA and PUFA in the liver. This reduction is mediated by repression of specific genes and is independent of other regulatory factors like SHP and SREBP1c. Additionally, tissue-specific FXR KO mice studies show that hepatic FXR controls lipogenic genes while intestinal FXR controls lipid absorption.

CELL METABOLISM (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Echinacea purpurea polysaccharide prepared by fractional precipitation prevents alcoholic liver injury in mice by protecting the intestinal barrier and regulating liver-related pathways

Wenhao Jiang et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that EPP80 has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, alleviating alcoholic liver disease by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity and reducing inflammation levels. Additionally, EPP80 protects liver health by improving intestinal barrier function and inhibiting oxidative damage.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) as Model of Gut-Liver Axis Interaction: From Pathophysiology to Potential Target of Treatment for Personalized Therapy

Francesca Fianchi et al.

Summary: NAFLD, the leading cause of liver disease worldwide, requires efforts in identifying pathogenetic factors and new therapeutic approaches. The gut-liver axis plays a key role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Review Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Understanding Choline Bioavailability and Utilization: First Step Toward Personalizing Choline Nutrition

Ying Qi Goh et al.

Summary: Choline is an essential macronutrient that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, and its deficiency is linked to several health issues. The conversion of dietary choline by gut microbiota affects choline utilization and health outcomes. In addition to lifestyle and dietary factors, genetic factors also impact choline utilization and its effects on health.

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Use of Megamolecular Polysaccharide Sacran in Food and Biomedical Applications

Lisa Efriani Puluhulawa et al.

Summary: Natural polymers, particularly polysaccharides, are widely used in food and pharmaceutical applications. Some natural polymers have potential applications in gene delivery and genetic engineering. However, drawbacks exist in some polymers, while sacran, a high-molecular-weight natural polysaccharide, stands out for its excellent water retention and elasticity and potential biomedical applications.

MOLECULES (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Dietary fiber-derived short-chain fatty acids: A potential therapeutic target to alleviate obesity-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Shumin Zhang et al.

Summary: This review summarizes the crosstalk between short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and host metabolism in relation to NAFLD pathophysiology, focusing on recent advances. It highlights the roles of SCFAs in gut generation and absorption, maintenance of gut barrier, alleviation of hepatic inflammatory responses, and regulation of hepatic energy balance, with involvement of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPRs) in these metabolic processes. The review aims to provide new insights into the potential therapeutic targeting of SCFAs in the management of liver diseases.

OBESITY REVIEWS (2021)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Serum metabonomics revealed the mechanism of Ganoderma amboinense polysaccharides in preventing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by high-fat diet

Fei Ren et al.

Summary: The study found that Ganoderma amboinense polysaccharide (GAP) could effectively prevent the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by regulating phosphatidylcholine content to promote fat transport and protect mitochondrial function, thereby accelerating lipid catabolism.

JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS (2021)

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Review Integrative & Complementary Medicine

Traditional Chinese Medicine in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: molecular insights and therapeutic perspectives

Xianmin Dai et al.

Summary: This article summarizes the advantages and obstacles of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and discusses the combined mechanism of herbs in TCM compounds.

CHINESE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Prebiotic Inulin and Sodium Butyrate Attenuate Obesity-Induced Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction by Induction of Antimicrobial Peptides

Julia Beisner et al.

Summary: This study showed that supplementation with inulin or sodium butyrate improved diet-induced liver steatosis in obese mice, reduced weight gain, liver weight, plasma and hepatic triglyceride levels. The supplementation also induced expression of Paneth cell antimicrobials, contributing to improved intestinal barrier function.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Structure and Applications of Pectin in Food, Biomedical, and Pharmaceutical Industry: A Review

Cariny Maria Polesca Freitas et al.

Summary: Pectin is a biocompatible polysaccharide with intrinsic biological activity that can exhibit different structures depending on its source or extraction method. Its extraction from various industrial by-products offers a green option for valorizing agro-industrial residues, producing high commercial value products. Pectin is versatile and can be modified for numerous applications in food, agriculture, drugs, and biomedicine, showing enhanced functional properties and bioactivities in recent advances.

COATINGS (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Desulfovibrio vulgaris, a potent acetic acid-producing bacterium, attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice

Ying Hong et al.

Summary: The study supports the use of herb-derived polysaccharides as prebiotics for treating NAFLD by modulating gut microbiome. It demonstrated the anti-NAFLD effect of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) and the contribution of gut microbiota in HFD-fed mice. The results indicated that APS enriched bacteria such as D. vulgaris are effective in attenuating hepatic steatosis through producing acetic acid and modulating hepatic lipids metabolism.

GUT MICROBES (2021)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The gut-liver axis in liver disease: Pathophysiological basis for therapy

Agustin Albillos et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2020)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Bile acid receptors FXR and TGR5 signaling in fatty liver diseases an therapy

John Y. L. Chiang et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Anti-diabetic activity of crude polysaccharide and rhamnose-enriched polysaccharide from G. lithophila on Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced in Wistar rats

Palaniappan Seedevi et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Hepatoprotective effect of plant polysaccharides from natural resources: A review of the mechanisms and structure-activity relationship

Jialin Qu et al.

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