Structure and hypoglycemic effect of a neutral polysaccharide isolated from sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus

In addition to its high nutritious value, sea cucumber has been recognized by folk medicine for a long time. This study investigated the structure and hyperglycemic activity of a neutral polysaccharide (NPsj) from sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus, whose molecular weight was determined as 301.75 kDa by HPGPC method. Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that NPsj is a glucan. The structure of NPsj was obtained by combining the analysis of methylation analysis, FTIR, NMR, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation and ESI-MS, which is mainly composed of (1 -> 4)-alpha-D-glucoses with beta-D-glucose(1 ->) branches substituted at O-6 every 7-9 of 1,4 linked glucoses. An in vitro insulin resistance Hep G2 cells model and a 3 T3-L1 cells model were established, and the NPsj has significant effect to increase glucose consumption with no toxicity at 10-100 mu g/mL. Furthermore, NPsj upregulates the phosphorylation of Akt1 and down-regulated GSK3 beta, and then reduces the phosphorylation of GS, indicating its mechanism of ameliorating insulin resistance via Akt/GSK3 beta/GS signaling pathway.

Automated summary

Sea cucumber contains a neutral polysaccharide (NPsj) with hypoglycemic activity. It can improve insulin resistance by activating the Akt/GSK3 beta/GS signaling pathway.