Loss of immune regulation in aged T-cells: A metabolic review to show lack of ability to control responses within the self

The progressive decline of the anatomical architecture and loss of functional integrity of an individual is aging. Accumulation of degenerative cellular and molecular changes in the aging cells increases the fragility at the cellular and molecular levels. It pushes towards age-associated diseases like Alzheimer's disease, hypertension, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, etc. The impaired T cell function in aging is a leading contributor to increased susceptibility to pathogens, minimized vaccine response, and skewed inflammation. Recent studies about the role of T cells in the remodelling of the immune system have provided ways to examine and explore aging puz-zles and their correlation with T cell functions. Here we review the metabolic aspect of T cell function and its possible restoration. IL-7 and mTOR mediated pathways and their association with reactivation of effector T cell function could help understanding the dark side of the compromised adaptive immune system, particularly T cell response, in aging. Understanding these crucial fundamentals could help design and target new mole-cules to prevent loss of T cell functionality in aging.

Automated summary

Aging is characterized by the progressive decline in anatomical architecture and loss of functional integrity. Degenerative cellular and molecular changes contribute to increased fragility at the cellular and molecular levels, leading to age-associated diseases. Impaired T cell function in aging is a major contributor to increased susceptibility to pathogens, decreased vaccine response, and skewed inflammation. Recent studies on T cell function have provided insights into the metabolic aspect and potential restoration strategies.