期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
卷 56, 期 20, 页码 14734-14742出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05039
关键词
Coal-to-gas switching; LNG; Pipeline; Electricity; Infrastructure; Natural gas
The global coal-to-gas transition in the power sector is limited by pipeline availability constraints, with only a small percentage of coal capacity located within 14 km of a nearby pipeline. While coal-to-gas conversion has the potential for emissions reductions, most countries' coal fleets lack access to low-cost natural gas resources, making a global transition unlikely.
Coal-to-gas switching in the power sector, as happening in the U.S., has been a key driver of near-term greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Can this success be replicated around the world? Here, we explore the limits of a global, plant-level, coal-to-gas transition arising from pipeline availability constraints. Globally, only 43% of coal capacity is within 14 km of a nearby pipeline, the median distance for recent coal-to-gas conversions. Furthermore, plant-to pipeline distance distributions vary widely-only 30% of coal capacity in India is within 14 km of a nearby pipeline. Most global coal fleets are in the intermediate space of balancing two competing interests- having a young coal fleet with high avoided emissions potential through coal-to-gas switching but without access to low-cost gas resources. A global stocktake based on coal fleet age, pipeline access, and natural gas supply security suggests that a coal-to-gas transition in the power sector is unlikely to be a universal climate solution.
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