Bio-Oil Production from Multi-Waste Biomass Co-Pyrolysis Using Analytical Py-GC/MS

Background: Bioenergy attracts much attention due to the global demand for renewable and sustainable energy resources. Waste biomass feedstocks-date pits, coffee waste, and cow dung-require efficient and environmentally friendly waste-management technologies such as pyrolysis. Fast pyrolysis occurs at fast heating rates (10-100 degrees C/s), generates high bio-oil yields, and is the most widely used process for biofuel generation. The aim of the study is to compare the effect of pyrolysis between single, binary, and ternary feeds on thermal degradation behavior and bio-oil composition. Methods: Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted at 30 degrees C/min from room temperature to 850 degrees C to understand the thermal degradation behavior of the biomasses. A Pyroprobe (R) reactor-a micro-scale pyrolyzer-was used to conduct the fast pyrolysis at 500 degrees C with a heating rate of 10 degrees C/s, and the volatile contents were quantified using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Results: The (TGA) showed three main stages of decomposition following dehydration, devolatilization, and char degradation for the different single and multiple feeds. According to the identified compounds, the bio-oil components are broadly identified as aldehydes, amines, aliphatic, aromatics, alcohols, furans, ketones, and acids. The three single-biomass pyrolysis products have four compounds in common, acetic acid and ketone groups (acetic acid, 2-propanone, 1-hydroxy-, benzyl methyl ketone, and 1,2-cyclopentanedione). Conclusion: The bio-oil generated from the feeds comprises great potential for volatiles, diesel, and gasoline production with carbon atoms ranging from C2-C33. Future studies should focus on understanding the effect of procedural parameters, including blending ratio, temperature, and heating rates, on bio-oil composition. Additional molecular techniques should be employed to understand biomass components' reaction mechanisms to produce useful bio-oil products.

Automated summary

This study compares the effects of pyrolysis on single, binary, and ternary feeds and finds that the generated bio-oil has great potential for volatiles, diesel, and gasoline production. Future studies should focus on the effects of procedural parameters on bio-oil composition and employ additional molecular techniques to understand reaction mechanisms.