Electrochemical Immunosensors: The Evolution from Elisa to EμPADs

Electrochemical immunosensors comprise the merging of two different disciplines: molecular biology and electrochemistry. This review explains in depth the main parts of electrochemical immunosensors and how the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been integrated into sophisticated lab-on-a-chip and point-of-care devices. It also reviews how nanotechnology has been a powerful tool for achieving lower detection limits, more signal amplification, and constructing label-free devices. It finally explores the new perspectives on electrochemical immunosensors to integrate them in novel paper microfluidic devices called E mu PADs. Colleagues introducing themselves to the topic for the first time will find in this review a comprehensive revision of how the basics of the technology have given rise to the emerging topic of E mu PADs.

Automated summary

Electrochemical immunosensors combine molecular biology and electrochemistry. This review discusses the main components of electrochemical immunosensors and how they have been integrated into lab-on-a-chip and point-of-care devices using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). It also explores the use of nanotechnology for lower detection limits and label-free devices. Finally, it explores new perspectives on integrating electrochemical immunosensors into novel paper microfluidic devices called E mu PADs.