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Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Erik Mailand et al.
Summary: Epithelial cells are contiguous sheets of cells that stabilize the shape of internal organs and support their structure by covering their surfaces. Their remarkable mechanics allow them to actively remodel cell-cell junctions and modulate the distribution of local stresses, making them elastic, plastic, and viscous. Research shows that mechanical perturbations can induce solid to fluid transitions in epithelial cells, providing insights into their active mechanical properties for tissue engineering.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Pau Guillamat et al.
Summary: Integer topological defects promote cellular self-organization and regulate cell differentiation and tissue morphogenesis. The self-organization of cells around these defects can establish complex multicellular structures and trigger localized cell differentiation or the growth of swirling cellular pillars. These processes require specific stress patterns.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Cynthia Hajal et al.
Summary: This protocol describes an in vitro model of the human blood-brain barrier, self-assembled within microfluidic devices from stem-cell-derived or primary brain endothelial cells, and primary brain pericytes and astrocytes. The model features relevant cellular organization and morphological characteristics, and can be used to assess pathophysiological molecular transport mechanisms and design targeted therapies for neurological disorders.
Article
Biology
Philipp Fleig et al.
Summary: This article presents an experiment that investigates the origin of behavior using the slime mold Physarum polycephalum. By studying the self-organized patterns of actomyosin contractions in the organism, researchers discovered a continuous spectrum of contraction modes, allowing for dynamic transitions between different behaviors.
Article
Biology
Ali Hashmi et al.
Summary: Shaping the animal body plan involves complex processes of spatial organization and patterning of different germ layers. This study focuses on the formation of the endoderm using gastruloids, 3D aggregates of mouse embryonic stem cells. The researchers discovered a three-step mechanism leading to the generation of the endoderm, involving the loss of E-cadherin contacts, separation of cell populations, and differentiation. Interestingly, the endoderm formation does not require an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, but instead relies on the maintenance of an epithelial state and fragmentation of E-cadherin contacts. This study highlights the importance of signaling and tissue flows in establishing the body plan.
Review
Developmental Biology
Aidan H. Terhune et al.
Summary: The development of a zygote into an embryo is a miraculous process in nature, but scientists have struggled to understand the mechanisms in human embryos due to ethical and practical limitations. However, pluripotent stem cells have the ability to mimic specific embryonic events, allowing the creation of in vitro models that recapitulate different stages of early embryo development.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
David Oriola et al.
Summary: Multicellular aggregates can exhibit liquid-like properties and the fusion process of two such aggregates can be complex. This study focuses on the phenomenon of arrested coalescence in stem cell aggregates and provides a theoretical framework that is supported by experiments. Agent-based simulations also reveal the role of active cell fluctuations in controlling a solid-to-fluid phase transition. By analyzing the dynamics of the fusion process and using nanoindentation measurements, the effective viscosity, shear modulus, and surface tension of the aggregates are determined. Overall, this work offers a simple, fast, and inexpensive method for characterizing the mechanical properties of viscoelastic materials.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Yonit Maroudas-Sacks et al.
Summary: The study reveals that the nematic order of actin fibers in Hydra regeneration plays a crucial role in morphogenesis, with topological defects acting as organization centers for morphological feature development. Fibre alignment sets the regenerated body axis and defect sites form organizing centers for the developing body plan.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mirna Kramar et al.
Summary: Even simple organisms can encode information about their environment by adjusting the diameter of their internal tubes, demonstrating an associative memory mechanism that allows them to thrive in complex environments.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alejandro Aguilera-Castrejon et al.
Summary: Recent platforms have been developed for prolonged ex utero culture of mouse embryos from egg-cylinder stages until advanced organogenesis. Proper embryo development requires sensitive regulation of O2 and CO2 concentration, gas pressure, and glucose levels.
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2021)
Article
Robotics
Maria Guix et al.
Summary: Bioinspired hybrid soft robots, which combine living and synthetic components, utilize unique characteristics not found in artificial materials, such as adaptability and response to external stimuli. By optimizing 3D-printed skeleton designs and electrically activating muscle tissue, these robots are able to achieve both swimming and gliding motion mechanisms.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pablo Hofbauer et al.
Summary: Organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells can spontaneously form chamber-like structures resembling the human heart, which can be controlled and manipulated for studying heart diseases and regeneration. The establishment of self-organizing cardioids provides a powerful platform for mechanistic studies on developmental defects and potential translational research in the future.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Lucia Cordero-Espinoza et al.
Summary: This study demonstrates that a subpopulation of mouse periportal mesenchymal cells in organoid co-cultures exert dual control on epithelial proliferation, mediated by Notch signaling. Proliferation of ductal cells is influenced by the number of direct mesenchymal cell contacts, highlighting the critical role of cell-cell contacts in regulating cellular behaviors during regeneration.
Review
Cell Biology
Susanne C. van den Brink et al.
Summary: 3D gastruloids are powerful tools for studying early mammalian development, providing a unique opportunity to study normal and pathological embryogenesis in a high throughput manner. While this model system has great potential for clinical applications, there are current limitations and ethical implications that need to be addressed through further research.
TRENDS IN CELL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Lucie Zilova et al.
Summary: Organoids derived from rapidly developing teleosts show efficient assembly of anterior neural structures, particularly the retina, within just 4 days. The number of aggregated cells and genetic factors crucially impact morphological changes, reflecting the in vivo situation. High efficiency and rapid development of fish-derived organoids combined with advanced genome editing techniques allow for immediate research on development, disease, and the impact of physical environment on morphogenesis and differentiation.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Jorge-Miguel Faustino Martins et al.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Tatsuya Osaki et al.
Review
Developmental Biology
Kristina Haase et al.
Article
Cell Biology
Luigi Aloia et al.
NATURE CELL BIOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Matthew Sample et al.
