Sepsis and the brain: a review for acute and general physicians br

Review Immunology

Cerebral dysfunctions caused by sepsis during ageing

Tatsuya Manabe et al.

Summary: Sepsis-induced systemic inflammation can cause acute cerebral dysfunction known as sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), which is common and shows dynamic changes over time. Factors contributing to the development and persistence of SAE in patients may include premorbid neurodegenerative pathology, side effects of sedatives, renal dysfunction, and latent virus reactivation. The mechanisms underlying neuropathology in SAE might also be relevant to delirium and cognitive impairments in severe COVID-19 patients.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

Comparing performance on the Months of the Year Backwards test in hospitalised patients with delirium, dementia, and no cognitive impairment: an exploratory study

Wolfgang Hasemann et al.

Summary: The study aimed to investigate the performance of the Months of the Year Backwards (MOTYB) test in older hospitalised patients with delirium, dementia, and no cognitive impairment. The findings showed that patients with delirium or dementia performed significantly worse than those without cognitive impairment, especially in terms of engagement with the test. This suggests that analyzing response patterns and errors in addition to correct recitation of the months may provide valuable information for assessing cognitive impairment in older patients.

EUROPEAN GERIATRIC MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Anesthesiology

Dexmedetomidine for prevention of postoperative delirium in older adults undergoing oesophagectomy with total intravenous anaesthesia A double-blind, randomised clinical trial

Jun Hu et al.

Summary: This study investigated the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine in reducing postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients after transthoracic oesophagectomy. The results showed that dexmedetomidine reduced the incidence of POD and emergence agitation, while also decreasing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. Overall, adding peri-operative dexmedetomidine to total intravenous anaesthesia was found to be beneficial in reducing complications and stabilizing the haemodynamic profile in elderly patients undergoing open transthoracic oesophagectomy.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems