Clusteroluminescence: A gauge of molecular interaction

Clusteroluminescence (CL) materials, as an emerging class of luminescent materials with unique photo-physical properties, have received increasing attention owing to their great theoretical significance and potential for biological applications. Although much progress has been made in the design, synthesis and application of CL materials, there is still a big challenge in the emission mechanism. So far, through-space interaction has been proposed as the preliminary mechanism of the corresponding clusterization-triggered emission (CTE) effect, but a systematic theory is still needed. This review summarizes the cur-rent mechanistic understanding of CL materials including organic/inorganic small molecules, and poly-mers with/without isolated aromatic structures. In addition, some strategies to achieve high quantum yield, adjustable emission color, and persistent room temperature phosphorescence in CL materials are also summarized. At last, a perspective of the mechanism and application of CL materials are demon-strated, which inspire the researchers working on the development of new kinds of functional materials.(c) 2023 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.

Automated summary

Clusteroluminescence (CL) materials, a class of luminescent materials with unique properties, have gained increasing attention for their theoretical significance and potential in biological applications. However, the emission mechanism remains a challenge, although through-space interaction has been proposed as a preliminary mechanism. This review summarizes the current understanding of CL materials and discusses strategies to achieve high quantum yield and adjustable emission color. The review also provides a perspective on the mechanism and application of CL materials, inspiring researchers in the development of new functional materials.