A new relevant membrane application: CO2 direct air capture (DAC)

Since carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary greenhouse gas emitted into the atmosphere due to human activities, strong research efforts have been developed towards capturing and decreasing its production. Unfortunately, specific processes and activities make it impossible to avoid CO2 emissions. Among the different strategies scientists propose for CO2 reduction, direct CO2 capture from the atmosphere, also known as direct air capture (DAC), represents a promising alternative in which sorbents have been mainly used. Recently, gas separation membranes have also been speculated to carry out such a separation, thanks to their smaller footprint and simpler setup and operation; however, their application remains a proposition in the field. This paper gives a perspective of the ongoing research and attempts of DAC applications via membrane separation and introduces the main membrane materials and types used for CO2 separation. Finally, the process considerations for DAC using membranes are stated to guide the new researchers in the field.

Automated summary

Since carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary greenhouse gas emitted into the atmosphere due to human activities, research efforts have been focused on capturing and reducing its production. Direct air capture (DAC) using sorbents has been explored as a promising alternative, but gas separation membranes are also being considered. This paper provides a perspective on the ongoing research and attempts of DAC applications via membrane separation and introduces the main materials and types used for CO2 separation.