Collapse inhibition in three-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates: Internal repulsion and particle loss

We consider the dynamics of three-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates of cold atoms in the presence of internal dynamical counter-pressure that may arise due to three-body atomic collisions. We demonstrate that, in the corresponding phenomenological approach, in addition to the condensate density losses, these three-body interactions may lead to an internal pressure resulting in a repulsive potential in the condensate. This repulsion, being nonlocal and expressed with a specific form of the integral dependence on the condensate density, similar to the manifestation of the Coulomb forces in charged systems, can determine the entire condensate evolution. We find that these effects can inhibit the collapse of a self-attracting condensate and even cause its explosion, and identify the corresponding conditions numerically.

Automated summary

This study explores the dynamics of internal dynamical counter-pressure in three-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates of cold atoms, finding that three-body interactions may lead to an internal pressure and repulsive potential in the condensate, which can affect the evolution of the entire condensate, including inhibiting collapse and causing explosions.