Model-free prediction of multistability using echo state network

In the field of complex dynamics, multistable attractors have been gaining a significant attention due to its unpredictability in occurrence and extreme sensitivity to initial conditions. Co-existing attractors are abundant in diverse systems ranging from climate to finance, ecological to social systems. In this article, we investigate a data-driven approach to infer different dynamics of a multistable system using echo state network (ESN). We start with a parameter-aware reservoir and predict diverse dynamics for different parameter values. Interestingly, machine is able to reproduce the dynamics almost perfectly even at distant parameters which lie considerably far from the parameter values related to the training dynamics. In continuation, we can predict whole bifurcation diagram significant accuracy as well. We extend this study for exploring various dynamics of multistable attractors at unknown parameter value. While, we train the machine with the dynamics of only one attarctor at parameter $p$, it can capture the dynamics of co-existing attractor at a new parameter value $p+\Delta p$. Continuing the simulation for multiple set of initial conditions, we can identify the basins for different attractors. We generalize the results by applying the scheme on two distinct multistable systems. Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.

Automated summary

In this article, a data-driven approach using echo state network (ESN) is investigated to infer the dynamics of multistable systems. The machine is able to predict diverse dynamics for different parameter values, even at distant parameters from the training dynamics. The whole bifurcation diagram can also be accurately predicted. Additionally, the study extends to exploring the dynamics of co-existing attractors at unknown parameter values and identifying the basins for different attractors.