New-onset and relapsed liver diseases following COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review

Summary: This article reports the first Japanese case of TTP possibly associated with vaccination. The patient developed severe hematological complications after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. Combination therapy with plasma exchange, corticosteroid, and rituximab improved the clinical outcome.

INTERNAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Hematology

Refractory vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) managed with delayed therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE)

Ajay Major et al.

Summary: Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a newly described hematologic disorder, which presents as acute thrombocytopenia and thrombosis after administration of certain COVID-19 vaccines. Treatment includes intravenous immunoglobulin and non-heparin anticoagulation, with potential use of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) for refractory cases.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL APHERESIS (2022)

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Letter Rheumatology

Case of Giant Cell Arteritis After SARS- CoV-2 Vaccination: A Particular Phenotype?

Agathe Sauret et al.

JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY (2022)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

A typical autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) case following Covid-19 mRNA vaccination. More than a coincidence?

Anestis Goulas et al.

LIVER INTERNATIONAL (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Seroconversion After Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination in Patients Awaiting Liver Transplantation: Fact or Fancy?

Alberto Calleri et al.

Summary: Among patients awaiting liver transplantation, vaccination against COVID-19 resulted in a favorable immune response with no serious adverse events reported.

LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (2022)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Seroconversion After Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination

Pathum Sookaromdee et al.

LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (2022)

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Letter Immunology

Organ Donation From a Brain Dead Donor With Vaccine-induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia After Ad26.COV2.S: The Risk of Organ Microthrombi

Gunalp Uzun et al.

TRANSPLANTATION (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Waning 2-Dose and 3-Dose Effectiveness of mRNA Vaccines Against COVID-19–Associated Emergency Department and Urgent Care Encounters and Hospitalizations Among Adults During Periods of Delta and Omicron Variant Predominance — VISION Network, 10 States, August 2021–January 2022

Jill M. Ferdinands et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2022)

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Article Immunology

A Global Study on the Correlates of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution

Palash Basak et al.

Summary: This study aimed to explore the association between GDP and COVID-19 vaccination progress across countries, and found a global pattern where wealthier nations have made more progress in vaccination while poorer nations lag behind. There are significant differences among Asian countries, with rich European and North-American countries being most protected against COVID-19, while less developed African countries have barely initiated vaccination programs. Therefore, the global community should accelerate vaccination programs in all countries, regardless of their wealth.

VACCINES (2022)

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Article Immunology

Atypical Kawasaki Disease after COVID-19 Vaccination: A New Form of Adverse Event Following Immunization

Ana Lilia Peralta-Amaro et al.

Summary: This study presents a case of an 18-year-old patient who developed atypical Kawasaki disease with liver and kidney dysfunction after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. The patient had a good response to intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. Adverse events following immunization should be reported to facilitate the identification and understanding of similar cases of this disease in adult patients. Case reports play an important role in vaccine pharmacovigilance.

VACCINES (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Serious events following COVID-19 vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (Vaxzevria) : A short case series from Iran

Nasim Khajavirad et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 vaccination programs have sparked debates and concerns over safety issues. This article presents three cases of serious adverse events after receiving the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, emphasizing the importance of investigating and reporting adverse reactions.

CLINICAL CASE REPORTS (2022)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

New Portal Vein Thrombosis in Cirrhosis - is the Thrombophilia Exacerbated due to Vaccine or COVID-19?

Madhumita Premkumar et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

The Role of Autoantibodies in the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Liver Disease: Lessons Learned from Clinical Practice

Joyce J. B. C. van Beers et al.

Summary: Autoantibodies play a crucial role in the diagnosis of PBC and AIH, and effective communication between clinicians and laboratory specialists is essential in aiding the diagnosis of autoimmune liver diseases.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED LABORATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis due to Thrombosis with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Following Ad26.COV2.S: A First Real-World Case Report of a Male Subject

Samia Asif et al.

Summary: Thrombosis with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (TTS) or Vaccine-induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT) can occur in patients receiving the Ad26.COV2.S vaccination, predominantly affecting younger adult females. After a temporary pause, CDC and FDA recommended caution in using this vaccine in females under 50 years. Symptoms include headaches, neurological symptoms, and onset 6-15 days after vaccination, indicating potential TTS with CVST.

NEUROHOSPITALIST (2022)

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Letter Surgery

Efficiency of a boost with a third dose of anti-SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA-based vaccines in solid organ transplant recipients

Arnaud Del Bello et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION (2022)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Letter to the Editor: Autoimmune hepatitis after COVID-19 vaccination: A rare adverse effect?

Panagiota Palla et al.

HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Clinical update on risks and efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with autoimmune hepatitis and summary of reports on post-vaccination liver injury

Ana Lleo et al.

Summary: Patients with liver diseases, especially cirrhosis, have an increased mortality risk when infected with SARS-CoV-2. Vaccination with anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is recommended for all patients with chronic liver diseases. However, immunosuppressed patients may have a reduced antibody response to the vaccine. This document provides updated scientific data on the safety and efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), and summarizes available data on sporadic cases of AIH-like illness following vaccination.

DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Clinical features of patients with new onset of autoimmune hepatitis following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

C. Rigamonti et al.

DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Liver injury after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: Features of immune-mediated hepatitis, role of corticosteroid therapy and outcome

Cumali Efe et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the clinical features, treatment response, and outcomes of liver injury following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The liver injury was predominantly hepatocellular and some patients showed features of immune-mediated hepatitis. Corticosteroid therapy may be beneficial for patients with immune-mediated features or severe hepatitis. The overall outcome was generally favorable, but a few patients experienced vaccine-associated liver failure.

HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Liver injury following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: A multicenter case series

Hersh Shroff et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

New-onset autoimmune hepatitis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in a 36-year-old woman with primary sclerosing cholangitis - should we be more vigilant?

Taotao Zhou et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Letter Infectious Diseases

Correspondence to: hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

Rosanne Sprute et al.

INFECTION (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Vaccine-induced massive pulmonary embolism and thrombocytopenia following a single dose of Janssen Ad26.COV2.S vaccination

Rosa Curcio et al.

Summary: This report describes a severe case of thrombocytopenia, pulmonary embolism, and portal vein thrombosis occurring after administration of a single-dose adenoviral vector-based vaccine. Treatment with corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin quickly improved the patient's condition, but the use of immunoglobulin may affect the detection of specific antibodies, emphasizing the need for diagnostic confirmation prior to treatment.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Dermatology

Histopathological analysis of skin reactions after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination: Increment in number of infiltrated plasmacytoid dendritic cell

Hanako Watanabe et al.

Summary: This article reports a case series of cutaneous adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination and reveals the underlying mechanism. The immunohistological analysis suggests that CD123(+) BDCA2(+) plasmacytoid dendritic cells (p-DC) may be involved in different cutaneous adverse events after COVID-19 vaccination.

JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY (2022)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Guillain-Barre Syndrome After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in a Liver Transplantation Recipient With Favorable Treatment Response

Dempsey L. Hughes et al.

LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (2022)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

New-Onset Antibodies to Platelet Factor 4 Following Liver Transplantation From a Donor With Vaccine-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia

Mila Valsecchi et al.

LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (2022)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Immune-mediated hepatitis with the Moderna vaccine, no longer a coincidence but confirmed

Gloria Shwe Zin Tun et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Exacerbation of familial intrahepatic cholestasis in conjunction with COVID-19 vaccination

Yakir Guri et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination can elicit a CD8 T-cell dominant hepatitis

Tobias Boettler et al.

Summary: This case report highlights the occurrence of autoimmune hepatitis episodes following COVID-19 vaccination in a patient with distinctive T cell-dominant immune-mediated hepatitis. Liver tissue analysis revealed an immune infiltrate with activated cytotoxic CD8 T cells predominantly distributed, indicating a unique pathomechanism associated with vaccination-induced antigens.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Severe de novo liver injury after Moderna vaccination - not always autoimmune hepatitis

Chan Maung Nyein et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Autoimmune hepatitis or drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis following Covid-19 vaccination?

Federica Fimiano et al.

LIVER INTERNATIONAL (2022)

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Editorial Material Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Acute Budd-Chiari syndrome with thrombotic thrombocytopenia after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination

Pil S. Sung et al.

LIVER INTERNATIONAL (2022)

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Article Surgery

Acute cellular rejection in liver transplant recipients following vaccination against COVID‐19: A case series

Raiya Sarwar et al.

LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (2022)

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Article Immunology

First report of post-transplant autoimmune hepatitis recurrence following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination

Aarani Mahalingham et al.

Summary: There have been reports of mRNA vaccines triggering autoimmune hepatitis, but there have been few reports of recurrence in liver transplant patients. We describe a case of autoimmune hepatitis patient who experienced immune-mediated flare-ups after receiving the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine, requiring steroid treatment.

TRANSPLANT IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Covid19 vaccination-associated portal vein thrombosis-An interdisciplinary clinical challenge

Niklas Bogovic et al.

Summary: Despite widespread vaccination efforts, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to persist. Vaccination with the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine has been associated with a rare complication called vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), which is similar to heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. A multidisciplinary guideline has been developed to help healthcare professionals recognize, diagnose, and manage severe cases of vaccine-induced immunogenic thrombotic thrombocytopenia.

CLINICS AND RESEARCH IN HEPATOLOGY AND GASTROENTEROLOGY (2022)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Autoimmune hepatitis developing after COVID 19 vaccine: Presumed guilty?

Domitille Erard et al.

CLINICS AND RESEARCH IN HEPATOLOGY AND GASTROENTEROLOGY (2022)

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Article Immunology

Case Report: Severe Rhabdomyolysis and Multiorgan Failure After ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccination

Emilia Cirillo et al.

Summary: This case report highlights a rare complication of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, severe rhabdomyolysis, which resulted in multi-organ failure and death in a previously healthy individual.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Surgery

Drug-induced hepatitis after Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccination: A case study of a 62-year-old patient

Hossein Ghorbani et al.

Summary: This article presents a case of hepatitis induced by the Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine. A 62-year-old male developed jaundice, weight loss, and elevated liver enzymes three days after receiving the second dose of the vaccine. Microscopic examination revealed a pattern of hepatitis injury with inflammation in both the portal and lobular regions, as well as significant eosinophil infiltration.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGERY CASE REPORTS (2022)

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Article Immunology

Development of hepatitis triggered by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patient with cancer during immunotherapy: a case report

Angioletta Lasagna et al.

Summary: This article reports a case of hepatitis and colitis in a 52-year-old woman who was undergoing immunotherapy and was HBV positive 10 days after receiving the first Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine dose. The authors hypothesize that these vaccines may increase the incidence of immune-related side effects due to the immune response stimulated by both immunotherapy and COVID-19 vaccines.

IMMUNOTHERAPY (2022)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Immune-mediated liver injury represented as overlap syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

Soon Kyu Lee et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) following coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine-No longer exclusive to mRNA vaccine?

Shahreedhan Shahrani et al.

LIVER INTERNATIONAL (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Fulminant hepatitis following COVID-19 vaccination: A case report

Mohammad Barary et al.

Summary: The common side effects of COVID-19 vaccination are usually self-restricted local reactions. However, rare cases of autoimmune hepatitis have been reported in individuals vaccinated with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. This article presents a case of a young man who developed fulminant hepatitis a few days after receiving the first dose of the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. Despite ruling out other causes, it was confirmed that the fulminant hepatitis was secondary to the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine in this patient. Unfortunately, the patient died three days later due to disseminated intravascular coagulopathy.

CLINICAL CASE REPORTS (2022)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Autoimmune hepatitis with history of HCV treatment triggered by COVID-19 vaccination: case report and literature review

Naoyuki Hasegawa et al.

Summary: This case report describes a patient who developed autoimmune hepatitis after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. The patient had a history of HCV treatment but tested negative for HCV infection in laboratory tests. Steroid treatment rapidly improved her liver function.

CLINICAL JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Acute Portal Vein Thrombosis Secondary to COVID-19 Vaccination

Matthew L. Repp et al.

Summary: Portal vein thrombosis is frequently seen in patients with cirrhotic liver disease, but can also be associated with inherited prothrombic blood disorders, neoplasms, or inflammatory diseases. Our case is a 34-year-old female who was diagnosed with acute PVT a few days after receiving the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine, despite lacking significant risk factors for pathologic clotting.

CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Acute acalculous cholecystitis following COVID-19 vaccination: a case report

Fabien Mukonki Kyungu et al.

Summary: This is a case report of a young man who developed acute acalculous cholecystitis after receiving the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine. The patient presented with abdominal pain and fever three days after vaccination, and showed improvement with treatment but still had abnormal liver function.

PAN AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Autoimmune Hepatitis Triggered by COVID-19 Vaccine: The First Case From Inactivated Vaccine

Krittaya Mekritthikrai et al.

Summary: We present a case of a 52-year-old woman who developed progressive jaundice after receiving two doses of the CoronaVac vaccine. She was diagnosed with autoimmune hepatitis based on serology and histology findings. Treatment with steroids and azathioprine led to symptom improvement and normalization of liver function tests.

ACG CASE REPORTS JOURNAL (2022)

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Review Immunology

COVID-19 vaccine and autoimmunity. A new case of autoimmune hepatitis and review of the literature

Laura Camacho-Dominguez et al.

Summary: This report presents a case of a 79-year-old man who developed autoimmune hepatitis type 1 after receiving the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. Clinical symptoms improved rapidly after immunomodulatory treatment was initiated. This case, along with a comprehensive literature review, highlights the association between COVID-19 vaccines and the development of autoimmune conditions.

JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL AUTOIMMUNITY (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Autoimmune Hepatitis Following Vaccination for SARS-CoV-2 in Korea: Coincidence or Autoimmunity?

Seong Hee Kang et al.

Summary: This article reports a case of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) occurring after Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. This is one of the few cases of AIH reported after COVID-19 vaccination. The patient was successfully treated.

JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE (2022)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Subacute thyroiditis with liver dysfunction following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination: report of two cases and a literature review

Miyako Kishimoto et al.

Summary: Subacute thyroiditis is associated with COVID-19 infection and COVID-19 vaccination. The mechanism of post-vaccination subacute thyroiditis remains unclear, but adjuvants in vaccines or potential cross-reactivity between the spike protein produced by the vaccine and thyroid cell antigens may play a role. Clinicians should be aware of the possible development of subacute thyroiditis after COVID-19 vaccination.

ENDOCRINE JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Hepatitis C Virus Reactivation Following COVID-19 Vaccination - A Case Report

Ruud Lensen et al.

Summary: During the 2020-2021 pandemic, an 82-year-old dementia patient in the Netherlands experienced reactivation of hepatitis C virus after receiving the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, leading to death. This highlights the importance of carefully evaluating individual medical histories before vaccination.

INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CASE REPORTS JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Extensive thrombosis after COVID-19 vaccine: cause or coincidence?

Luis Lourenco Graca et al.

Summary: A 62-year-old Caucasian female patient presented with abdominal pain, vomiting, and fever 1 day after COVID-19 vaccine administration. Bloodwork showed abnormalities, and imaging revealed extensive thrombosis. Investigation ruled out congenital or acquired coagulation disorders. Literature review suggests thrombosis associated with COVID-19 vaccine is rare, prompting further investigation into other potential causes.

BMJ CASE REPORTS (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura and acute liver injury after COVID-19 vaccine

Adam Hines et al.

Summary: A 26-year-old woman developed immune thrombocytopenic purpura and transaminitis 2 weeks after receiving the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine. Treatment with steroids and immunoglobulin led to improvement in platelet count and liver enzymes. The temporal relationship suggests the vaccine as a potential inciting factor.

BMJ CASE REPORTS (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

A rare case of COVID-19 vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopaenia (VITT) involving the veno-splanchnic and pulmonary arterial circulation, from a UK district general hospital

Huma Asmat et al.

Summary: This case highlights the rare complication of vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia following COVID-19 vaccination, leading to multiple thromboses. It underscores the importance of clinicians remaining vigilant for rare complications associated with COVID-19 vaccination in the current global effort to vaccinate against the virus.

BMJ CASE REPORTS (2021)

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Letter Immunology

Adult-onset Still's disease following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination

Amir Sharabi et al.

CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Lessons of the month 3: Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis following COVID-19 vaccination (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19)

Philippa Cory et al.

Summary: A 36-year-old woman presented with symptoms of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, and showed clinical response after high-dose IV methylprednisolone and IV immunoglobulin treatment. HLH is a rare but serious systemic inflammatory syndrome that can be triggered by multiple factors, including vaccination.

CLINICAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

218: A CASE OF ADULT MULTISYSTEM INFLAMMATION SYNDROME FOLLOWING COVID-19 VACCINE

Meghan Brown et al.

CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Autoimmune hepatitis after SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: New-onset or flare-up?

Enver Avci et al.

Summary: Infection with SARS-CoV-2 or vaccination against it may trigger autoimmune diseases, with autoimmune hepatitis being a potential manifestation. Clinicians should exercise caution and consider autoimmune hepatitis as a possible etiology when diagnosing patients.

JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Autoimmune hepatitis after COVID-19 vaccine-more than a coincidence

Isabel Garrido et al.

Summary: The case of acute severe autoimmune hepatitis following COVID-19 vaccination highlights the importance of closely monitoring adverse reactions during the vaccination process to ensure safety. Healthcare providers must remain vigilant during mass COVID-19 vaccination to detect and manage potential complications promptly.

JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY (2021)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Successful treatment of acute spleno-porto-mesenteric vein thrombosis after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. A case report

Michele Umbrello et al.

Summary: Recent cases of deep venous thrombosis following Vaxzevria vaccination have mainly presented as cerebral vein thrombosis, known as VITT. A rare case of concurrent portal, superior mesenteric, and splenic vein thrombosis occurred in a young female patient who received the vaccine 17 days earlier. Successful endovascular treatment and anticoagulation management were reported.

JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

COVID-19 vaccines: The status and perspectives in delivery points of view

Jee Young Chung et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has highlighted the urgent need for efficient and safe vaccines to prevent the spread of the virus and restore social and economic activities through mass immunization. Various vaccine candidates and alternative therapies are under development to combat the challenges presented by the disease.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Sarcopenic Obesity in Liver Cirrhosis: Possible Mechanism and Clinical Impact

Hiroki Nishikawa et al.

Summary: The landscape of chronic liver diseases has changed significantly, with the rise in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and an increasing number of patients presenting with obesity, even those with liver cirrhosis. Patients with liver cirrhosis are more prone to muscle loss and sarcopenic obesity, characterized by a combination of sarcopenia and obesity. Although not currently mentioned in guidelines, sarcopenic obesity is recognized as a growing public health concern with complex physiological mechanisms and diverse pathogenesis in the liver-muscle-adipose tissue axis.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

EASL position paper on the use of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with chronic liver diseases, hepatobiliary cancer and liver transplant recipients

Markus Cornberg et al.

Summary: According to a recent estimate by the World Health Organization, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has affected nearly 100 million people globally, with patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD) at higher risk of infections. Vaccination against various pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2, is important for these patients, although impaired immune responses may affect the efficacy of immunization. The safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with CLD, cirrhosis, hepatobiliary cancer, and liver transplant recipients still require further study.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Letter Immunology

Safety of the First Dose of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Brian J. Boyarsky et al.

TRANSPLANTATION (2021)

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Article Hematology

Long-term follow-up after successful treatment of vaccine-induced prothrombotic immune thrombocytopenia

Johannes Thaler et al.

Summary: Patients with vaccine-induced prothrombotic immune thrombocytopenia (VIPIT) can achieve remission without sequelae upon rapid initiation of treatment, and platelet factor 4 antibody levels slowly decrease over several weeks, but VIPIT did not recur in any of our patients.

THROMBOSIS RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Acoustics

Portal Vein Thrombosis due to Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT) after Covid Vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19

Deike Strobel et al.

ULTRASCHALL IN DER MEDIZIN (2021)

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Article Emergency Medicine

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura after Ad26.COV2-S Vaccination

Andrew Yocum et al.

Summary: The FDA approved Johnson & Johnson's COVID-19 vaccine which uses traditional virus-based technology. Independent reports of blood clotting after COVID-19 vaccination have been documented in the US and UK, with all cases in the US being female and symptoms occurring between six to thirteen days post-vaccination.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Hematology

Hemolytic crisis due to Covid-19 vaccination in a woman with cold agglutinin disease

Lucia Perez-Lamas et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

The importance of recognizing cerebral venous thrombosis following anti-COVID-19 vaccination

Alfonso Ciccone et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Immunogenicity of a Single Dose of SARS-CoV-2 Messenger RNA Vaccine in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Brian J. Boyarsky et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

US Case Reports of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis With Thrombocytopenia After Ad26.COV2.S Vaccination, March 2 to April 21, 2021

Isaac See et al.

Summary: Cases of CVST with thrombocytopenia following Ad26.COV2.S vaccination have been reported in the US, leading to serious outcomes. This case series may provide guidance for clinical management and further investigation into the potential relationship between Ad26.COV2.S vaccine and CVST with thrombocytopenia.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Autoimmune hepatitis developing after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine: Causality or casualty?

Fernando Bril et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Low immunogenicity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination among liver transplant recipients

Liane Rabinowich et al.

Summary: Liver transplant recipients showed significantly lower immunological response to the Pfizer-BioNTech SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccine, with less than half developing sufficient levels of antibodies and lower average antibody levels compared to healthy controls. Predictors for non-response included older age, renal function and immunosuppressive medications.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance among Liver Transplant Recipients

Andrea Costantino et al.

Summary: Most LT patients accepted COVID-19 vaccines, with a refusal rate of 6.1%. Identifying reasons influencing vaccination hesitancy is crucial to ensure adequate vaccination of LT patients, and targeted communication strategies should be established for specific vaccination campaigns.

VACCINES (2021)

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Editorial Material Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Steroid-Resistant Acute Cellular Rejection of the Liver After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 mRNA Vaccination

Ross Vyhmeister et al.

LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Pathologic Antibodies to Platelet Factor 4 after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccination

Marie Scully et al.

Summary: 23 cases of thrombotic thrombocytopenia were reported after receiving the AstraZeneca vaccine, incited by antibodies to platelet factor 4 and unrelated to heparin therapy. Avoidance of platelet transfusion and consideration of nonheparin anticoagulant and intravenous immune globulin are recommended for treatment.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia after Ad26.COV2.S Vaccination

Kate-Lynn Muir et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Thrombosis and Thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccination

Nina H. Schultz et al.

Summary: This study reports five cases of venous thrombosis and thrombocytopenia occurring 7 to 10 days after receiving the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, suggesting a rare vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. The condition, which can lead to catastrophic outcomes such as cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, may be treated with intravenous immune globulin.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 Vaccination

Andreas Greinacher et al.

Summary: After vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCov-19, rare immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia can occur due to platelet-activating antibodies against PF4, resulting in various thrombotic events. Most patients in this case series were women, with fatal outcomes such as cerebral venous thrombosis and intracranial hemorrhage. Additional studies are needed to further investigate and understand this phenomenon.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency and post-COVID vaccination rhabdomyolysis

A. Tan et al.

QJM-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

A Rare Case of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Temporally Associated to the COVID-19 Vaccine Administration

Vincenzo D'Agostino et al.

Summary: The global confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths continue to increase, while vaccination efforts are progressing in different countries. Italy suspended the use of the AstraZeneca vaccine, but the European Medicines Agency concluded that the benefits of the vaccine outweigh the risks. A patient who developed severe thrombosis after vaccination ultimately died in intensive care.

JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Surgery

Organ transplantation from deceased donors with vaccine-induced thrombosis and thrombocytopenia

George H. B. Greenhall et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION (2021)

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Editorial Material Gastroenterology & Hepatology

COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia: An emerging cause of splanchnic vein thrombosis

Mateo Porres-Aguilar et al.

ANNALS OF HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

First description of immune complex vasculitis after COVID-19 vaccination with BNT162b2: a case report

Victoria Therese Muecke et al.

Summary: Cases of immune complex vasculitis have been reported after COVID-19 infections, but so far none have been associated with novel mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination. This case report presents a patient who developed cutaneous immune complex vasculitis 12 days after receiving the second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine. The patient's symptoms resolved after a short course of oral steroids, highlighting the potential for various clinical manifestations following COVID-19 infection and vaccination.

BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Editorial Material Hematology

Management of a patient with a rare congenital limb malformation syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced thrombosis and thrombocytopenia (VITT)

Sandheeah Ramdeny et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY (2021)

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Editorial Material Hematology

Cold agglutinin disease after COVID-19 vaccine

Shaima Al Aoun et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Using Nonheparin Anticoagulant to Treat a Near-Fatal Case With Multiple Venous Thrombotic Lesions During ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccination-Related Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia

Samuel Bersinger et al.

Summary: A 21-year-old woman developed multiple life-threatening venous thrombosis after receiving the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. Treatment with Argatroban and high-dose IV immunoglobulin led to gradual resolution of the thrombosis and the patient was able to leave the ICU with improved symptoms.

CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2021)

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Editorial Material Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Unusual Fever, Headache, and Abdominal Pain in a Healthy Woman

Chia-Yi Lin et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

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Article Hematology

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: a new menace after COVID bnt162b2 vaccine

Syed Hamza Bin Waqar et al.

Summary: TTP, a rare hematologic threat, has been associated with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic, as seen in a case of a 69-year-old male with multiple comorbidities.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Acute autoimmune-like hepatitis with atypical anti-mitochondrial antibody after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination: A novel clinical entity?

Michele Ghielmetti et al.

Summary: This case report describes a 63-year-old man who developed acute severe autoimmune-like hepatitis seven days after receiving the mRNA1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, despite having no history of autoimmunity or natural infection with the virus. The patient displayed unique autoimmune liver serology patterns, including an atypical anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA) and a distinct type of anti-nuclear antibody (ANA). Treatment with prednisone was effective for this emerging condition.

JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Autoimmune hepatitis triggered by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

Elise Vuille-Lessard et al.

Summary: Autoimmune diseases have been reported to develop after SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as following vaccination against the virus. The potential mechanisms involve molecular mimicry and bystander activation. Further investigation is needed to understand the link between SARS-CoV2 vaccination and autoimmune diseases.

JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Auto-immune hepatitis following COVID vaccination

Mohamed Rela et al.

Summary: The COVID pandemic has led to unprecedented loss of life and the rapid development of vaccines. While most vaccines have been approved quickly, there are concerns about their potential side effects, including rare cases of autoimmune hepatitis. Close monitoring and pharmacovigilance are essential in guiding treatment and ensuring vaccine safety.

JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY (2021)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Autoimmune hepatitis developing after the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) vaccine

Daniel Clayton-Chubb et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

High acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccination in liver transplant recipients

Edoardo G. Giannini et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Another case of autoimmune hepatitis after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination - still casualty?

Maria-Carlota Londono et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Analysis of antibody responses after COVID-19 vaccination in liver transplant recipients and those with chronic liver diseases

Paul J. Thuluvath et al.

Summary: The study found that 61% of liver transplant recipients and 24% of patients with liver disease had poor antibody responses after receiving the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Immunocompromised status, vaccination with a single dose of Johnson & Johnson vaccine, and use of 2 or more immunosuppressive medications were associated with poor immune responses.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Autoimmune hepatitis following COVID-19 vaccination: True causality or mere association?

Chin Kimg Tan et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Autoimmune hepatitis following SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: May not be a casuality

Alba Rocco et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

An unusual case of acute cholestatic hepatitis after m-RNABNT162b2 (Comirnaty) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: Coincidence, autoimmunity or drug- related liver injury

Francesca Lodato et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The mRNA COVID-19 vaccine - A rare trigger of autoimmune hepatitis?

Cathy McShane et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Letter Clinical Neurology

Immediate high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins followed by direct thrombin-inhibitor treatment is crucial for survival in Sars-Covid-19-adenoviral vector vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia VITT with cerebral sinus venous and portal vein thrombosis

Tilmann Graf et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY (2021)

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Article Neurosciences

Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Death following the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine

Yasser Aladdin et al.

Summary: COVID-19 is not only a respiratory disease but also involves complications in other organs, necessitating the urgent development of effective vaccines to control its global spread.

JOURNAL OF STROKE & CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES (2021)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Antibody Response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 Messenger RNA Vaccines in Liver Transplant Recipients

Alexandra T. Strauss et al.

LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Three Doses of an mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients

Nassim Kamar et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Hematology

Severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia following receipt of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine

Sanjay R. Gadi et al.

Summary: This case report describes a young woman who developed life-threatening autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) after receiving her first dose of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. The patient was diagnosed with AIHA through further testing and required transfusion and treatment with various medications. Clinicians need to be aware of potential autoimmune complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines as vaccination efforts continue globally.

TRANSFUSION (2021)

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Letter Immunology

Successful Liver Transplantation From a Deceased Donor With Vaccine-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Causing Cerebral Venous Sinus and Hepatic Veins Thrombosis After ChAdOx1 nCov-19 Vaccination

Leonardo Centonze et al.

TRANSPLANTATION (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Malignant cerebral infarction after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination: a catastrophic variant of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia

M. De Michele et al.

Summary: Two cases of malignant middle cerebral artery infarct occurred within 9-10 days following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination, presenting with thrombocytopenia, pulmonary, and portal vein thrombosis.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Letter Dermatology

Systemic lupus erythematosus after COVID-19 vaccination: A case report

Sakshi Patil et al.

JOURNAL OF COSMETIC DERMATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Acute Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) Following COVID-19 Vaccination in a Patient With Previously Stable ITP

Muzamil Jawed et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 vaccine may lead to immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), but the mechanisms behind this association remain unclear and require further research.

OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Hematology

Safety Warning for ChAdOx1 nCov-19 Vaccine in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease

S. Alkindi et al.

Summary: Vaccines against SARS-CoV2 are crucial in controlling the spread of COVID-19, but rare complications like VIITT have been reported. Three cases of SCD patients experiencing severe VOC after vaccination were identified, with abnormal systemic parameters. Physicians and patients should exercise caution and be aware of safety concerns when taking this type of vaccine.

MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Editorial Material Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Portal vein thrombosis associated with ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination

Osman Oecal et al.

LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Hematology

A case of thrombocytopenia and multiple thromboses after vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 against SARS-CoV-2

Anne Louise Tolboll Sorensen et al.

Summary: A 30-year-old woman developed multiple thromboses and thrombocytopenia after receiving the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine, with heterozygosity for the prothrombin mutation as a predisposing factor. The occurrence of these complications may be linked to autoimmune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, highlighting the importance of clinical awareness and further research on vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia.

BLOOD ADVANCES (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

A Case of Hepatotoxicity After Receiving a COVID-19 Vaccine

Muath M. Alqarni et al.

Summary: COVID-19 vaccines have been associated with rare cases of drug-induced hepatotoxicity, but overall, the approved vaccines have shown good safety and efficacy profiles.

CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Drug-Induced Liver Injury After COVID-19 Vaccine

Rupinder Mann et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic, which originated in China in December 2019, has caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. While vaccines have been approved for emergency use, there are still unknown long-term sequelae of the infection.

CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Clinical features and prognostic factors of intensive and non-intensive 1014 COVID-19 patients: an experience cohort from Alahsa, Saudi Arabia

Saad Alhumaid et al.

Summary: This study identified key factors predicting ICU admission and high mortality in COVID-19 patients by comparing those admitted to ICU with non-ICU patients. Factors such as older age, smoking history, respiratory rate, body temperature range, comorbidities, and symptoms were significantly associated with ICU admission. ICU patients had a significantly higher mortality rate compared to non-ICU patients.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Purpuric Rash and Thrombocytopenia After the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) COVID-19 Vaccine

Srikrishna Malayala et al.

Summary: This case report describes a 60-year-old male patient who developed purpuric rash and thrombocytopenia after receiving the mRNA-1273 vaccine. He had underlying health issues such as smoking history, liver cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and heart failure. The symptoms are believed to be side effects of the vaccine based on limited literature and the absence of other underlying causes.

CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology