In this study, the effectiveness of axicabtagene ciloleucel in treating patients with multiply relapsed follicular lymphoma was compared. The results showed that axicabtagene ciloleucel had excellent efficacy, with prolonged progression-free survival and significantly improved overall survival.
In this issue of Blood, Ghione et al(1) have compared outcomes for patients with multiply relapsed follicular lymphoma treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) in the ZUMA-5 study with those in the retrospective SCHOLAR-5 registry. Axi-cel was highly active in the ZUMA-5 population, with an impressive complete response rate of 79% and the median progression free survival not yet reached after 17.5 months of follow-up.(2) However, as a single-arm study, it is not possible to directly compare these outcomes with the plethora of currently available therapies, including various combinations of chemotherapy, anti-CD20 and bispecific antibodies, lenalidomide, phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors, or enhancer of zeste homolog (EZH) 2 inhibitors. In the comparative effectiveness study, Ghione et al used propensity-scoring analysis on prespeci-fied prognostic factors using standardized mortality weighting to match patients in the SCHOLAR-5 registry to those in the study. The authors charted marked improvements in response rate with axi-cel, as well as a notably improved time to next treatment and improved progression-free and overall survival, with a substantial 58% reduction in the risk of death (hazard ratio [HR], 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21-0.83).
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