Psychiatric manifestations of autoimmune encephalitis

Autoimmune encephalitis is increasingly recognized as a cause of psychiatric symptoms. A wide spectrum of psychiatric manifestations have been described which may precede, follow or occur independently of neurologic features. Patients typically respond to immunotherapy, however diagnosis is challenging due to phenotypic heterogeneity. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the psychiatric features associated with encephalitis mediated by autoantibodies targeting neuronal cell-surface antigens and describe indicators of potential immunopathology underlying psychiatric manifestations.

Automated summary

Autoimmune encephalitis is recognized as a cause of psychiatric symptoms, with a wide range of manifestations that may not necessarily be associated with neurological features. Patients generally respond to immunotherapy, but diagnosis can be challenging due to phenotypic heterogeneity. Understanding potential immunopathological indicators is important for elucidating the mechanisms underlying psychiatric manifestations.