Multianalytical Approach for Deciphering the Specific MS/MS Transition and Overcoming the Challenge of the Separation of a Transient Intermediate, Quinonoid Dihydrobiopterin

Despite recent technological developments in ana-lytical chemistry, separation and direct characterization of transient intermediates remain an analytical challenge. Among these, separation and direct characterization of quinonoid dihydrobiopterin (qH2Bip), a transient intermediate of tetrahydrobiopterin (H4Bip)-dependent hydroxylation reactions, essential in living organisms, with important and varied human pathophysiological impacts, are a clear illustration. H4Bip regeneration may be impaired by competitive nonenzymatic autoxidation reactions, such as isomerization of qH2Bip into a more stable 7,8-H2Bip (H2Bip) isomer, and subsequent nonenzymatic oxidation reactions. The quinonoid qH2Bip intermediate thus plays a key role in H4Bip-dependent hydroxylation reactions. However, only a few experimental results have indirectly confirmed this finding while revealing the difficulty of isolating qH2Bip from H4Bip-containing solutions. As a result, no current H4Bip assay method allows this isomer to be quantified even by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Here, we report isolation, structural characterization, and abundance of qH2Bip formed upon H4Bip autoxidation using three methods integrated into MS/MS. First, we characterized the structure of the two observed H2B isomers using IR photodissociation spectroscopy in conjunction with quantum chemical calculations. Then, we used differential ion mobility spectrometry to fully separate all oxidized forms of H4Bip including qH2Bip. These data are consistent and show that qH2Bip can also be unambiguously identified thanks to its specific MS/MS transition. This finding paves the way for the quantification of qH2Bip with MS/MS methods. Most importantly, the half-life value of this intermediate is nearly equivalent to that of H4Bip (tens of minutes), suggesting that an accurate method of H4Bip analysis should include the quantification of qH2Bip.

Automated summary

Despite recent technological developments, the separation and direct characterization of transient intermediates remains a challenge. This study successfully isolated, characterized, and quantified quinonoid dihydrobiopterin (qH2Bip) using three integrated MS/MS methods, providing a foundation for further research.