Exposure Sources Among Veterans With Elevated Blood Lead Levels, United States, 2015-2021

Objectives. To determine characteristics and sources of exposure in veterans with elevated blood lead levels (BLLs). Methods. We included users of US Veterans Health Administration care aged 18 years or older tested for BLL from October 2015 to September 2021. Prevalence of BLL 10 micrograms per deciliter (mg/dL) or higher and 25 mg/dL or higher was determined within demographic groups. Logistic regression analysis measured association of International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification-coded conditions with elevated BLL. Electronic notes were reviewed for exposure sources. Results. Among 1007 unique veterans with BLL 10 mg/dL or higher, prevalence of BLL 10 mg/dL or higher and 25 mg/dL or higher peaked at 4.9 and 1.3 per 100 000 veterans, respectively (fiscal year 2019), and was highest in non-Hispanic White men and those aged 25 to 34 years. Conditions predicted by elevated BLL were attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and nausea or vomiting. Firearms represented 70.1% of occupational and 85.9% of nonoccupational exposures. Toxicology consults occurred in 17 of 298 (6%) with BLL 25 mg/dL or higher. Conclusions. Firearms were the largest exposure source among veterans with elevated BLL. Clinicians should be alert for potential conditions (including ADHD and nausea or vomiting in our study) associated with lead exposure. Standardization of care regarding toxicology referral practices is warranted.

Automated summary

This study aims to determine the characteristics and sources of exposure in veterans with elevated blood lead levels. The results showed that firearms were the largest exposure source among veterans with elevated BLL. Potential conditions associated with lead exposure included attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and nausea or vomiting.