MECHANICALLY STIMULATED REACTIONS IN METAL-OXIDE (CARBIDE) SYSTEMS

The processes of mechanochemical reduction of oxides of iron, nickel, and copper with aluminum with a stoichiometric ratio of components and in mixtures with a two-, three-, and four-fold excess of the aluminum content over the stoichiometric, as well as in the presence of an excess of oxide-forming metal and solid solutions of aluminum in iron and copper, were studied by the Mossbauer and IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, including the use of synchrotron radiation, and electron microscopy. The conditions for formation of metals modified with aluminum oxide (iron, nickel, copper) and their monoaluminides are determined. High aluminum content aluminides are formed at a three-fold excess of aluminum, and at a four-fold excess, a mechanochemical reduction of oxides does not occur. The preferred method for modifying metals with alumina is the mechanochemical reduction of oxides with a solid solution of aluminum in the oxide-forming metal. Mechanochemical interaction in the high-energy Hf-C system in the presence of 20, 30, and 50 wt. % copper leads to the formation of hafnium carbide; and with an increase in the copper content, the crystallite size decreases.

Automated summary

This study investigated the mechanochemical reduction of oxides of iron, nickel, and copper with aluminum, as well as the formation of metals modified with aluminum oxide. The conditions for the formation of aluminum monoaluminides and high aluminum content aluminides were determined. The preferred method for modifying metals with alumina is through mechanochemical reduction using a solid solution of aluminum.