Measuring corporate diversity in financial services: a diversity index

This paper provides a measure of corporate diversity in financial services. Our index is based on four components: ownership; competitiveness; balance sheet structure/resilience; and geographic spread. The first of these sub-indexes measures ownership diversity based on the Berry index of diversification and the Gini-Simpson index of biodiversity. It captures the extent of diversity in ownership types - for the UK, banks, mutuals, and the government owned National Savings & Investment - where each of these have different objectives, creating diversity in behaviour. Our second sub-index captures the extent of competition, and is based on the inverse of the Hirschmann-Herfindahl index of concentration. Our third subindex measures diversity in balance sheet structures and resilience across the financial sector. Our final sub-index captures the extent of geographic spread and the regional concentration of financial services. These indicators are combined into a single index - the D-Index - that measures diversity in financial services. The D-Index shows a marked decline in the run-up to the 2007-2009 financial crisis, followed by further falls during 2008 and 2009. Since then, the index has remained more or less flat. We are no closer to creating the conditions - of diversity - to avoid a repeat of the 2007-2009 global financial crisis.

Automated summary

This paper provides a measure of corporate diversity in financial services, focusing on four components: ownership, competitiveness, balance sheet structure/resilience, and geographic spread. The D-Index, which combines these indicators, shows a marked decline before and during the 2007-2009 financial crisis, and has since remained relatively stable.