期刊
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
卷 40, 期 5, 页码 661-670出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12546
关键词
biofouling; marine fish; Paramoeba perurans; real-time PCR; reservoir
资金
- Norwegian Seafood Research Fund (FHF) [900103]
Amoebic gill disease (AGD) caused by the amoeba Paramoeba perurans is an increasing problem in Atlantic salmon aquaculture. In the present PCR survey, the focus was to identify reservoir species or environmental samples where P.perurans could be present throughout the year, regardless of the infection status in farmed Atlantic salmon. A total of 1200 samples were collected at or in the proximity to farming sites with AGD, or with history of AGD, and analysed for the presence of P.perurans. No results supported biofouling organisms, salmon lice, biofilm or sediment to maintain P.perurans. However, during clinical AGD in Atlantic salmon, the amoeba were detected in several samples, including water, biofilm, plankton, several filter feeders and wild fish. It is likely that some of these samples were positive as a result of the continuous exposure through water. Positive wild fish may contribute to the spread of P.perurans. Cleaner fish tested positive for P.perurans when salmon tested negative, indicating that they may withhold the amoeba longer than salmon. The results demonstrate the high infection pressure produced from an AGD-afflicted Atlantic salmon population and thus the importance of early intervention to reduce infection pressure and horizontal spread of P.perurans within farms.
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