Hosts and transmission of the crayfish plague pathogen Aphanomyces astaci: a review

The crayfish plague pathogen, Aphanomyces astaci Schikora, has become one of the most well-studied pathogens of invertebrates. Since its introduction to Europe in the mid-19th century, it has caused mass crayfish mortalities, resulting in drastic declines of local populations. In contrast, North American crayfish usually serve as latent carriers, although they may also be negatively affected by A. astaci infections under some circumstances. Recent research benefiting from molecular tools has improved our knowledge about various aspects of A. astaci biology. In this review, we summarize these advances, particularly with respect to the host range and transmission. We highlight several aspects that have recently received particular attention, in particular newly confirmed or suspected A. astaci hosts, latent A. astaci infections in populations of European crayfish, and the relationship between A. astaci genotype groups and host taxa.