Cervical cancer screening programs in Latin America: current recommendations for facing elimination challenges

Objective. To describe current cervical cancer screening program guidelines in Latin America. Materials and methods. We searched official recommendations for the general population and women living with HIV (WLHIV) by reviewing official sources from 19 countries; these data were supplemented with a consultation carried out by the WHO with the Ministries of Health. Results. Screening policies vary significantly in regard to target populations, primary tests, and screening intervals. Sixteen countries have recently updated their recommendations; however, cytology remains the primary screening test for most countries.Eleven countries have introduced HPV tests, and eight countries have implemented screen-and-treat algorithms; only three countries have developed evidence-based guidelines. All countries but Costa Rica have specific recommendations for WLHIV. Conclusions. Although most countries have updated their screening policies, only a few are properly aligned with the WHO elimination strategy. Recommendations for WLHIV require better integration with cervical cancer screening programs.

Automated summary

There is significant variation in cervical cancer screening program guidelines across Latin American countries. While most countries have updated their policies, only a few are aligned with the WHO elimination strategy. Recommendations for women living with HIV need to be better integrated into cervical cancer screening programs.