4.5 Article

Explanation impacts hypothesis generation, but not evaluation, during learning

期刊

COGNITION
卷 225, 期 -, 页码 -

出版社

ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105100

关键词

Explanation; Learning; Inference; Hypothesis Generation; Hypothesis Evaluation

资金

  1. National Science Foundation CAREER award [2047581]
  2. Jacobs Foundation Fellowship
  3. Division Of Behavioral and Cognitive Sci
  4. Direct For Social, Behav & Economic Scie [2047581] Funding Source: National Science Foundation

向作者/读者索取更多资源

Research has shown that self-explanation improves learning by directing attention and cognitive resources towards evidence that supports good explanations. However, it is unclear whether explanation impacts the learning process through improved hypothesis generation or hypothesis evaluation.
A large body of research has shown that engaging in self-explanation improves learning across a range of tasks. It has been proposed that the act of explaining draws attention and cognitive resources towards evidence that supports good explanations-information that is broad, abstract, and consistent with prior knowledge-which in turn aids discovery and promotes generalization. However, it remains unclear whether explanation impacts the learning process via improved hypothesis generation, increasing the probability that the most generalizable hypotheses are considered in the first place, or hypothesis evaluation, the appraisal of such hypotheses in light of observed evidence. In two experiments with adults, we address this question by separating hypothesis generation and evaluation in a novel category learning task and quantifying the effect of explaining on each process independently. We find that explanation supports learners' generation of broad and abstract hypotheses but does not impact their evaluation of them. These results provide a more precise account of the process by which explanation impacts learning and offer additional support for the claim that hypothesis generation and evalu-ation play distinct roles in problem solving.

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