期刊
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
卷 68, 期 2, 页码 207-223出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw432
关键词
Ancestral character state reconstruction; C-2 pathway; C-3-C-4 intermediates; CO2 compensation point; leaf anatomy; TEM; western blots
资金
- National Science Foundation under funds MCB [1146928]
- Russian Foundation of Basic Research [12-04-00721, 15-04-03665]
- German Science Foundation (DFG) [KA1816/7-1]
While many C-4 lineages have Kranz anatomy around individual veins, Salsoleae have evolved the Salsoloid Kranz anatomy where a continuous dual layer of chlorenchyma cells encloses the vascular and water-storage tissue. With the aim of elucidating the evolution of C-4 photosynthesis in Salsoleae, a broadly sampled molecular phylogeny and anatomical survey was conducted, together with biochemical, microscopic, and physiological analyses of selected photosynthetic types. From analyses of photosynthetic phenotypes, a model for evolution of this form of C-4 was compared with models for evolution of Kranz anatomy around individual veins. A functionally C-3 proto-Kranz phenotype (Proto-Kranz Sympegmoid) and intermediates with a photorespiratory pump (Kranz-like Sympegmoid and Kranz-like Salsoloid types) are considered crucial transitional steps towards C-4 development. The molecular phylogeny provides evidence for C-3 being the ancestral photosynthetic pathway but there is no phylogenetic evidence for the ancestry of C-3-C-4 intermediacy with respect to C-4 in Salsoleae. Traits considered advantageous in arid conditions, such as annual life form, central sclerenchyma in leaves, and reduction of surface area, evolved repeatedly in Salsoleae. The recurrent evolution of a green stem cortex taking over photosynthesis in C-4 clades of Salsoleae concurrent with leaf reduction was probably favoured by the higher productivity of the C-4 cycle.
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