The global return on investment from preventing and treating adolescent mental disorders and suicide: a modelling study

Introduction Despite the high burden of mental disorders among adolescents and the potentially lifelong consequences of these conditions, access to mental health services remains insufficient for adolescents in low-income and middle-income countries. We conducted an economic modelling study to quantify the potential costs and benefits of mental health interventions to prevent or treat anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and suicide among adolescents. Methods We developed a Markov model that followed cohorts of adolescents (ages 10-19) from 36 countries to assess the impact of addressing anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and suicide during adolescence on health and non-health outcomes through their lives. We estimated the costs of interventions using an ingredients-based approach and modelled impacts on education and employment and the resulting economic, morbidity, and mortality benefits. Results Implementing the selected interventions offers a return on investment of 23.6 and a cost of $102.9 per disability adjusted life year (DALY) averted over 80 years. The high return on investment and low cost per DALY averted is observed across regions and country income levels, with the highest return on investment arising from treating mild depression with group-based cognitive behavioural therapy, prevention of suicide attempts among high-risk adolescents, and universal prevention of combined anxiety and depression in low-income and lower-middle income countries. Conclusions The high return on investment and low cost per DALY averted suggests the importance and value of addressing mental disorders among adolescents worldwide. Intervening to prevent and treat these mental disorders even only during adolescence can have lifelong health and economic benefits.

Automated summary

Despite the high burden of mental disorders among adolescents, access to mental health services remains insufficient in low- and middle-income countries. An economic modelling study showed that interventions to prevent or treat anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and suicide among adolescents can have a high return on investment and low cost per disability adjusted life year (DALY) averted. This highlights the importance and value of addressing mental disorders among adolescents worldwide.