A significantly improved polymer∥Ni(OH)2 alkaline rechargeable battery using anthraquinone-based conjugated microporous polymer anode

Alkaline rechargeable batteries (ARBs) are predicted to be an attractive solution for large-scale electrochemical energy storage applications. However, their advancement is greatly hindered by the lack of high-performance and sustainable anode that can stably operate in less-corroding, low electrolyte concentration. Herein, we report the first example of polymer ARB able to operate in low concentrate electrolyte (1(Mu) potassium hydroxide [KOH]) due to the employment of a robust anthraquinone-based conjugated microporous polymer (IEP-11) as anode. The assembled IEP-11 parallel to Ni(OH)(2) achieves high cell voltage (0.98 V), high gravimetric/areal capacities (150 mAh/g/7.2 mAh/cm(2) at 3.5 and 65 mg/cm(2), respectively), long cycle life (22,730 cycles, 960 h, 75% capacity retention at 20C), excellent rate performance (75 mAh/g at 50C) and low temperature operativity (75 mAh/g at -10 degrees C). Furthermore, rate capability, low-temperature performance and ability to prepare high mass loading anodes, along with low self-discharge is improved compared to conventional linear poly (anthraquinone sulfide) (PAQS) in commonly used 10(Mu) KOH. This overall performance for IEP-11 parallel to Ni(OH)(2) is not only far superior to that of PAQS parallel to Ni(OH)(2) owing to porous polymer's high specific surface area, combined micro-/mesoporosity and robust and mechanically stable three-dimensional (3D) architecture compared to the linear PAQS, but also surpass most of the reported organic parallel to nickel [Ni]/cobalt [Co]/manganese [Mn] alkaline rechargeable batteries (ARBs). (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Automated summary

This study presents a novel polymer alkaline rechargeable battery (ARB) using a robust anthraquinone-based conjugated microporous polymer (IEP-11) as an anode. The IEP-11 parallel to Ni(OH)(2) exhibits high cell voltage, high capacities, long cycle life, excellent rate performance, and low temperature operativity in low concentrate electrolyte. It outperforms traditional linear poly (anthraquinone sulfide) (PAQS) and most reported organic parallel to nickel (Ni)/cobalt (Co)/manganese (Mn) ARBs.