期刊
SOLAR RRL
卷 6, 期 9, 页码 -出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/solr.202200562
关键词
Ruddlesden-Popper phases; single crystals; solar cells; 2D perovskites
资金
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan [MOST 109-2221-E-009-144-MY2, MOST 109-2221-E-009-147-MY3]
- Ministry of Education (MOE), Taiwan (SPROUT Project-Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science of National Chiao Tung University)
2D perovskites with nearly vertically oriented Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) phases are grown using a vapor venting space-limited crystallization method, minimizing the impact of bulky side chains of the ammonium cations. Surface passivation is used to lower surface defects and improve power conversion efficiency (PCE), resulting in a PCE higher than 16%.
2D perovskites are receiving increasing amounts of attention because of their superior device stability. The framework is cut into corner-sharing PbX6 layers, known as Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) phases, by employing bulky cations that cannot fit into the previous A-site interspaces. Unfortunately, the insulating moieties of the cations can significantly affect charge transport in 2D perovskites, thereby limiting the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of perovskite solar cells. Herein, a vapor venting space-limited crystallization method is developed for growing asymmetric 2D perovskite single crystals (SCs) featuring nearly vertically oriented RP phases. The high crystallinity and preferred orientation of the 2D layered structures minimize the impact of the bulky side chains ofthe ammonium cations. By using grazing incidence small-angle X-Ray scattering, it is found that the RP phases in the 2D SCs are aligned with a tilt angle with respect to the substrate normal. It is suspected that the strong pi-pi interaction between the benzene rings of the ammonium cations and the surface of the hole-transport layer plays important roles in determining the 2D crystal structure. The PCE is improved to greater than 16% after surface passivation to lower the degree of surface defects.
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