4.7 Article

Seasonal and Form-Specific Gene Expression Signatures Uncover Different Generational Strategies of the Pelagic Tunicate Salpa thompsoni During the Southern Ocean Winter

期刊

FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
卷 9, 期 -, 页码 -

出版社

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.914095

关键词

Southern Ocean; Salpa thompsoni; overwintering; aggregates; solitaries; season

资金

  1. German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) [FKZ 03F0746A, FKZ 03F0828A]
  2. Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide PNRA [2016_00225, PNRA19_00065]
  3. Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research

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The pelagic tunicate Salpa thompsoni is an important metazoan grazer in the Southern Ocean, and its biomass and distribution have been positively correlated with ocean warming and winter sea ice decline. However, our understanding of the adaptation of S. thompsoni to the extreme seasonality of the Southern Ocean and the differences between its reproductive forms is limited.
The pelagic tunicate Salpa thompsoni is recognized as a major metazoan grazer in the Southern Ocean. Long term observations show an increase in this species' biomass and a southward shift in its distribution both of which are positively correlated with ocean warming and winter sea ice decline around the Antarctic Peninsula. However, our understanding on how salps adapt their life cycle to the extreme seasonality of the Southern Ocean and the putative differences between its two reproductive forms (aggregates, solitaries) is rudimentary. In particular, our current knowledge of whether and how S. thompsoni overwinter is limited, largely due to winter sampling constraints. In this study, we investigated the form-specific gene expression profiles of Salpa thompsoni during the austral autumn and winter. Between the seasons, genes related to translation showed the biggest difference in gene expression. We found more genes were upregulated in solitaries compared to aggregates, indicating a potentially form-specific overwintering strategy. Our data provide first insights into the seasonal and form-specific physiology of salps by considering their complex life cycle, thereby contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the response of salps to seasonal changes in their environment and to anthropogenic induced global climate change.

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