Neonatal Microbiome, Intestinal Inflammation, and Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Review Nutrition & Dietetics

Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics for the Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Kiera Murphy et al.

Summary: This article discusses the importance of NEC in preterm infants and the impact of gut microbiota on NEC development, as well as the treatment methods involving modulation of microbiota using probiotics, prebiotics, or their combination. It also analyzes the evidence supporting these methods in reducing the risk of NEC and discusses current clinical practice guidelines recommendations.

FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION (2021)

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Article Immunology

Necrotizing Enterocolitis and the Microbiome: Current Status and Future Directions

Robert Thanert et al.

Summary: Decades of research have yet to fully understand the pathophysiology of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a severe pediatric gastrointestinal disorder. Evidence suggests that host-microbiota interactions play a crucial role in NEC development. Greater understanding of the preterm infant microbiome could lead to enhanced diagnostics, treatments, and preventive measures for NEC.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Pediatrics

The assessment of microbiome changes and fecal volatile organic compounds during experimental necrotizing enterocolitis

Brian D. Hosfield et al.

Summary: Experimental NEC in mice resulted in severe intestinal injury, decreased microbial diversity, and dysbiosis in the gut microbiome. Additionally, fecal VOC analysis was able to distinguish NEC pups from control groups, suggesting potential for VOCs to be used as a biomarker for diagnosing NEC.

JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Unraveling the Microbiome of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Insights in Novel Microbial and Metabolomic Biomarkers

Chiara Tarracchini et al.

Summary: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal disease that predominantly affects premature infants, with intestinal dysbiosis and an overgrowth of opportunistic microbial species being linked to NEC development. Clostridium neonatale and Clostridium perfringens are potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of NEC, while DL-lactate accumulation in the gastrointestinal tract may serve as a novel functional biomarker for NEC onset.

MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM (2021)

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Review Pediatrics