☆ 4.7 Review

Biological Features of Extracellular Vesicles and Challenges

FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Exosomes derived from immunogenically dying tumor cells as a versatile tool for vaccination against pancreatic cancer

Wenxi Zhou et al.

Summary: This study proposes a strategy to derive exosomes from immunogenically dying tumor cells and utilize them for various purposes, including antigen presentation and cargo delivery of vaccines against pancreatic cancer. The results demonstrate that these exosomes can serve as an effective prophylactic vaccine and combining them with chemotherapy can enhance therapeutic effects.

BIOMATERIALS (2022)

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Article Neurosciences

Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells promote remyelination and reduce neuroinflammation in the demyelinating central nervous system

Jing Zhang et al.

Summary: Injury to OLs results in demyelination, which is often seen in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. MSC-Exo treatment shows promising therapeutic effects on enhancing remyelination in both experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and cuprizone (CPZ) mouse models of demyelination. Exosomes harvested from MSCs may promote remyelination by acting directly on OPCs and indirectly on microglia, providing a potential treatment for demyelinating and neurodegenerative disorders in the CNS.

EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY (2022)

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Review Cell Biology

Circulating extracellular vesicles: friends and foes in neurodegeneration

Anna Picca et al.

Summary: Extracellular vesicles play a crucial role in intercellular communication in both physiological and pathological conditions. They can transfer molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites to target locations, conveying specific information. The identification of extracellular vesicle-associated molecules as markers allows for tracking the generating cell and serving as potential targets for therapeutic development. Additionally, extracellular vesicles can serve as biomarkers, reflecting molecular events in difficult-to-access tissues such as the brain, thus enabling brain liquid biopsy. The utilization of extracellular vesicles as diagnostic and therapeutic tools offers unprecedented opportunities for personalized approaches.

NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH (2022)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular disease: Biological functions and therapeutic implications

Chaoshan Han et al.

Summary: This article summarizes recent research findings on the biological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in ischemic heart disease and heart failure, as well as their potential as novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic opportunities.

PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Bovine Milk Exosomes Alleviate Cardiac Fibrosis via Enhancing Angiogenesis In Vivo and In Vitro

Chengliang Zhang et al.

Summary: The study shows that bovine milk exosomes alleviate cardiac fibrosis by promoting angiogenesis, improving cardiac function, and providing a potential strategy for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.

JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Plasma-derived extracellular vesicles from myocardial infarction patients inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced cardiac cell death

Avinash Khandagale et al.

Summary: Endogenous EVs from myocardial infarction (MI) patients have cardioprotective potential against TNFα-induced cell death, and further research is needed to elucidate their role in MI.

CURRENT RESEARCH IN TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Association of Circulating, Inflammatory-Response Exosomal mRNAs With Acute Myocardial Infarction

Guo-dong He et al.

Summary: This study explored the profile of plasma exosomal long RNAs (exoLRs) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients, revealing a correlation between exoLRs and the acute inflammatory response mediated by neutrophils. Exosomal mRNAs ALPL and CXCR2 were identified as potentially useful biomarkers for the study of AMI.

FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Dosing extracellular vesicles

Dhanu Gupta et al.

Summary: This study analyzed 64 pre-clinical studies on EV-based therapeutics and found variations in dosing strategies regardless of EV purification method. Disease models influenced dose discrepancies, showing a need for qualitative consideration in EV dosing. Recommendations were made to focus on qualitative aspects like therapeutic cargo potency for better reliability and reproducibility in EV-based therapeutics.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2021)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Extracellular Vesicles Derived from a Human Brain Endothelial Cell Line Increase Cellular ATP Levels

Kandarp M. Dave et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates differences in exogenous pDNA loading into EVs from brain endothelial and macrophage cell lines, as well as EV-mediated increases in intracellular ATP levels in recipient cells, indicating the potential of EVs as drug carriers.

AAPS PHARMSCITECH (2021)

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Article Biophysics

Hydrogel-based hybridization chain reaction (HCR) for detection of urinary exosomal miRNAs as a diagnostic tool of prostate cancer

Junbeom Kim et al.

Summary: Urinary exosomal miRNAs are potential biomarkers, but limited by low concentration and small volume. Hydrogel-based HCR technique shows high amplification and enhanced detection limits for miRNA in urine samples, with potential for clinical diagnosis applications in differentiating prostate cancer patients from healthy controls.

BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS (2021)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Preservation of small extracellular vesicles for functional analysis and therapeutic applications: a comparative evaluation of storage conditions

Jun-Yong Wu et al.

Summary: Storage temperature and duration significantly impact the stability of sEVs, leading to changes in size distribution, quantity, contents, cellular uptake, and biodistribution. It is suggested to choose the appropriate storage temperature based on the requirements of the study.

DRUG DELIVERY (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Circular RNAs in body fluids as cancer biomarkers: the new frontier of liquid biopsies

Sumeng Wang et al.

Summary: Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide, prompting research into novel biomarkers for diagnosis. Circulating circRNAs, stably present in body fluids, exhibit distinct expression patterns that can be used to monitor cancer development and progression.

MOLECULAR CANCER (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Role of Energy Metabolism in the Progression of Neuroblastoma

Monika Sakowicz-Burkiewicz et al.

Summary: Neuroblastoma is a common childhood cancer with a significant risk of death. Recent studies have shown that extracellular vesicles play a crucial role in promoting tumorigenesis by carrying metabolic enzymes that influence energy metabolism. Glycolysis has been identified as playing a primary role in energy metabolism in neuroblastoma.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Microvesicles transfer mitochondria and increase mitochondrial function in brain endothelial cells

Anisha D'Souza et al.

Summary: It was shown for the first time that microvesicles derived from human brain endothelial cells can transfer polarized mitochondria to recipient cells and increase ATP levels. The study also revealed a high association to glycolysis-related processes and demonstrated the selective transfer of mitochondria to increase endothelial cell survival under ischemic conditions.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

DNA-Loaded Extracellular Vesicles in Liquid Biopsy: Tiny Players With Big Potential?

Susana Garcia-Silva et al.

FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Extracellular vesicles derived from melatonin-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells containing USP29 repair traumatic spinal cord injury by stabilizing NRF2

Wei Liu et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that extracellular vesicles derived from melatonin-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells have the potential to promote functional recovery after spinal cord injury by facilitating microglia/macrophages polarization from M1-like to M2-like state. This effect is mediated by the increased presence of ubiquitin-specific protease 29 (USP29) in the vesicles, which interacts with and stabilizes nuclear factor-like 2 (NRF2) to regulate microglia/macrophages polarization. Additionally, the study highlights the role of melatonin in reducing global N6-methyladenosine modification and levels of the m(6)A writer METTL3, enhancing the stability of USP29 mRNA in MSCs.

JOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH (2021)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Strategies for delivering therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier

Georg C. Terstappen et al.

Summary: The blood-brain barrier presents a challenge for delivering therapeutics to the central nervous system, particularly for biopharmaceuticals. Non-invasive approaches have been developed to help overcome this challenge, with increasing research efforts focusing on technologies to deliver therapeutics to the CNS, some of which have entered clinical testing. Developing effective strategies for crossing the blood-brain barrier is crucial for treating CNS disorders, with a particular emphasis on non-invasive methods such as receptor-mediated transcytosis and the use of neurotropic viruses, nanoparticles, and exosomes.

NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

20S proteasomes secreted by the malaria parasite promote its growth

Elya Dekel et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that Plasmodium falciparum secretes extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing functional 20S proteasome complexes which remodel the cytoskeleton of naive human red blood cells, preparing them for parasite invasion.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Mutational status of plasma exosomal KRAS predicts outcome in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer

Donatella Lucchetti et al.

Summary: Liquid biopsy using circulating exosomes DNA has shown clinical utility in managing metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. The study found a correlation between disease progression and exosomes level, as well as a prognostic value of KRAS mutational status. Additionally, a high percentage of mutated mCRC patients reverted back to wild type after chemotherapy, but many cases reverted back to mutated status upon disease progression.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

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Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Applications, challenges and prospects of mesenchymal stem cell exosomes in regenerative medicine

Aysa Rezabakhsh et al.

Summary: Advances in identifying and using different types of stem cells have provided new therapeutic options for clinicians. Despite the potential benefits of exosomes in regenerative medicine, challenges remain in isolating and purifying them due to their heterogeneous nature and the lack of standardized protocols, limiting their extensive application in clinical settings.

STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Extracellular vesicles for the treatment of central nervous system diseases

Viridiane Gratpain et al.

Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained increasing interest over the past decade for their roles in the pathogenesis of central nervous system diseases (CNS) and their therapeutic properties; they can potentially be used as therapeutic agents for CNS diseases due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2021)

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Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Critical considerations for the development of potency tests for therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived small extracellular vesicles

Mario Gimona et al.

Summary: Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been approved for treating certain diseases through paracrine secretion of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Despite the potential advantages of sEV preparations over cellular MSC products, there are challenges in developing MSC-sEV drug products, including establishing quality control metrics and developing effective potency assays.

CYTOTHERAPY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

MAGEA4 Coated Extracellular Vesicles Are Stable and Can Be Assembled In Vitro

Olavi Reinsalu et al.

Summary: The study shows that MAGEA4-EVs are highly stable under common storage conditions, making them suitable for anti-cancer applications.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Cell Death and Inflammation

Rahul Sanwlani et al.

Summary: Extracellular vesicles have been identified as novel mediators of intercellular communication, regulating pathophysiological processes by delivering cargo to cells in close vicinity, as well as distant sites in the body. They play significant roles in immune responses leading to cell death and inflammation, particularly in conditions such as sepsis and lung inflammation.

CELLS (2021)

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Review Biochemical Research Methods

Isolation of extracellular vesicles with combined enrichment methods

Janine Stam et al.

Summary: Extracellular vesicles are currently a hot topic in many research fields, and combining different EV isolation methods can enhance EV purity and yield. Studies have shown that combined EV isolation methods outperform single EV isolation methods, with size-exclusion chromatography in combination with low-speed centrifugation recommended as a starting point for optimal EV purity and yield.

JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Urinary extracellular vesicles: Assessment of pre-analytical variables and development of a quality control with focus on transcriptomic biomarker research

Karina Barreiro et al.

Summary: Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEV) are considered a potential source of biomarkers for the health and diseases of the urogenital system, but there are challenges in standardizing the collection and analysis process. Storage temperature, time, and format were found to impact the quality of uEV isolates. The transcriptome of uEV could be preserved in urine or isolated uEV even after long-term storage, but storage at -20 degrees C degraded certain components of the transcriptome and EV protein markers.

JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Extracellular vesicles from adipose tissue-derived stem cells alleviate osteoporosis through osteoprotegerin and miR-21-5p

Kyoung Soo Lee et al.

Summary: EVs derived from adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASGEVs) show promising therapeutic effects on osteoporosis by containing rich growth factors and cytokines related to bone metabolism and MSC migration. They attenuate bone loss, inhibit osteoclast differentiation, and promote MSC migration. High expression of OPG in ASCEVs is critical for the therapeutic effects.

JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations Carried in Extracellular Vesicle-Derived Cargo Mirror Disease Status in Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Emma Purcell et al.

Summary: Identifying EGFR mutations in NSCLC patients through extracellular vesicles (EVs) offers a potential liquid biopsy target, with the ability to detect sensitizing and resistance mutations at RNA and protein levels. This study demonstrated the utility of EV-RNA in detecting both sensitizing and resistance mutations, and EV-Protein in detecting sensitizing mutations in NSCLC patients. The integration of EV analysis into liquid biopsy mutation screening shows promise in advancing patient monitoring and personalized treatment.

FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Regular Industrial Processing of Bovine Milk Impacts the Integrity and Molecular Composition of Extracellular Vesicles

Marije Kleinjan et al.

Summary: Commercial milk subjected to pasteurization or UHT heating contains fewer or no intact EVs, respectively. Although most EVs appear resistant to pasteurization based on particle numbers, their integrity and molecular composition are altered. This may decrease or change the potential transfer of bioactive components through bovine milk EVs to human consumers in heat-treated commercial milk.

JOURNAL OF NUTRITION (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Tumor-derived exosomes: Nanovesicles made by cancer cells to promote cancer metastasis

Hongwei Chen et al.

Summary: Nanomedicine refers to using nanoparticles to treat cancer, but recent research shows that cancer cells can also release nanoparticles to promote cancer metastasis, affecting the growth and survival of organisms.

ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

Emerging methods in biomarker identification for extracellular vesicle-based liquid biopsy

Yaxuan Liang et al.

Summary: EVs are released by various cell types and carry unique molecular information. The heterogeneity in EV populations poses challenges for researchers, but also allows for predicting disease pathogenesis. Advanced methods are needed for EV purification and evaluation from complex biofluids.

JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Extracellular vesicles from monocyte/platelet aggregates modulate human atherosclerotic plaque reactivity

Silvia Oggero et al.

Summary: Extracellular vesicles released by mixed aggregates of monocytes and platelets have pro-inflammatory effects on endothelial cells and atherosclerotic plaques, and modulating platelet activation can alter the composition and actions of these vesicles, potentially providing therapeutic avenues for atherosclerosis treatment. Patients with coronary artery disease requiring intervention show elevated levels of specific EV subsets in plasma.

JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Physiological models for in vivo imaging and targeting the lymphatic system: Nanoparticles and extracellular vesicles

David Olmeda et al.

Summary: Imaging of the lymphatic vasculature is crucial in understanding various diseases, particularly in cancer. Activation of lymphatic endothelial cells plays a key role in therapeutic strategies. Current research focuses on visualizing the lymphatic system through imaging technologies and targeting it with drugs.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2021)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Gene-engineered exosomes-thermosensitive liposomes hybrid nanovesicles by the blockade of CD47 signal for combined photothermal therapy and cancer immunotherapy

Lili Cheng et al.

Summary: The designed hybrid therapeutic nanovesicles, hGLV, based on CD47 immune checkpoint blockade demonstrated long blood circulation, improved macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of tumor cells by blocking CD47 signal, targeted homologous tumors in mice effectively for preferential accumulation at tumor sites. Furthermore, hGLV loaded with photothermal agent achieved excellent photothermal therapy (PTT) in eliminating tumors, inducing immunogenic cell death, generating tumor-associated antigens, and promoting immune responses with the help of co-encapsulated immune adjuvant. Such hybrid nanovesicles show promise in drug delivery for cancer treatment.

BIOMATERIALS (2021)

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Article Hematology

Platelet EVs contain an active proteasome involved in protein processing for antigen presentation via MHC-I molecules

Genevieve Marcoux et al.

Summary: Platelets not only play a role in hemostasis but also have an important function in immunity by releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs) when activated. These platelet-derived EVs (PEVs) contain the active 20S proteasome, MHC-I, and lymphocyte costimulatory molecules. PEVs contribute to adaptive immunity by cross-presentation of antigens and have privileged access to immune cells through the lymphatic system.

BLOOD (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Cancer derived exosomes induce macrophages immunosuppressive polarization to promote bladder cancer progression

Ziming Jiang et al.

Summary: The study revealed that exosomes released by bladder cancer cells can promote the immunosuppressive polarization of macrophages, facilitating tumor growth. This process is mediated by down-regulation of PTEN and activation of AKT/STAT3/6 signaling. Inhibiting the generation or secretion of exosomes can suppress the immunosuppressive transformation of macrophages, thereby inhibiting tumor growth.

CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING (2021)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cells: A Potential Therapy for Cancer

Anat Aharon et al.

Summary: CAR-T EVs derived from genetically engineered T cells show potential in preserving CAR-T activity and enhancing cytotoxic effects against tumor cells. These EVs contain a mixture of small and large vesicles, exhibit lower cytokine levels but higher granzyme B levels compared to parental cells, and demonstrate specific binding and penetration into target cells with cytotoxic effects similar to CAR-T cells.

HUMAN GENE THERAPY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

miR-6718-5p and miR-4329 can be used as potential biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction

Shaoyuan Chen et al.

Summary: This study investigated the differential expression profiles of exosome microRNAs in patients with AMI compared to healthy individuals, identifying miR-6718 and miR-4329 as significantly downregulated in AMI patients. The findings shed light on the potential mechanisms involved in AMI and provide insights for further research in this area.

JOURNAL OF CARDIAC SURGERY (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Anti-PEG IgM production and accelerated blood clearance phenomenon after the administration of PEGylated exosomes in mice

Sherif E. Emam et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that injection of PEGylated exosomes induces the production of anti-PEG IgM, leading to decreased blood concentrations of a second dose of PEGylated exosomes and suppressed tumor accumulation. Additionally, the dose of PEGylated exosomes can affect the production of anti-PEG IgM.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2021)

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Article Oncology

Defining candidate mRNA and protein EV biomarkers to discriminate ccRCC and pRCC from non-malignant renal cells in vitro

Richard C. Zieren et al.

Summary: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a significant healthcare burden worldwide with over 400,000 new cases and 175,000 deaths annually. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising source of RCC biomarkers, carrying proteins and mRNA that can be analyzed using multi-omics methods to identify potential biomarkers for clinical validation. EV cargo from different types of RCC and benign kidney cell lines show heterogeneity in protein and mRNA abundance, with potential unique signatures for each type, providing valuable insights for targeted therapies.

MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Review Virology

Exosome-Based Vaccines: Pros and Cons in the World of Animal Health

Sergio Montaner-Tarbes et al.

Summary: EVs, as lipid bilayer nanovesicles, have shown potential as an important source for vaccines in different animal health areas, opening opportunities for new strategies to overcome issues related to animal health, food security, and emerging diseases.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

TGF-β1-mediated exosomal lnc-MMP2-2 increases blood-brain barrier permeability via the miRNA-1207-5p/EPB41L5 axis to promote non-small cell lung cancer brain metastasis

Dongming Wu et al.

Summary: The study revealed that TGF-beta 1-mediated exosomal lnc-MMP2-2 increases BBB permeability to promote NSCLC brain metastasis by modulating miR-1207-5p and EPB41L5. Thus, exosomal lnc-MMP2-2 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer brain metastasis.

CELL DEATH & DISEASE (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Exosomal delivery of therapeutic modulators through the blood-brain barrier; promise and pitfalls

Morteza Heidarzadeh et al.

Summary: Current drug delivery strategies for neurological disorders face challenges due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limiting transport to the brain parenchyma. Stem cell byproducts such as exosomes are proposed as natural nano-drug carriers, but the intact BBB may hinder their delivery. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind exosomal trafficking through the BBB remains unclear despite some preliminary studies showing potential.

CELL AND BIOSCIENCE (2021)

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Review Immunology

Exosome-Based Vaccines: History, Current State, and Clinical Trials

Patrick Santos et al.

Summary: Extracellular vesicles play crucial roles in processes such as inflammation, cell proliferation, and immune response, while also being implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases like cancer and infectious diseases. Research suggests that EV-based vaccines have promising therapeutic potential for cancer and infectious diseases, showing exciting results in inducing immune responses.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

Extracellular Vesicles under Oxidative Stress Conditions: Biological Properties and Physiological Roles

Elisabetta Chiaradia et al.

Summary: Under physio-pathological conditions, cells release Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) that influence the metabolism of target cells by transferring antioxidants and affecting the redox status. The release and molecular cargo of EVs are impacted by oxidative stress, which can have both beneficial and harmful effects on target cells. EVs play a role in cell-to-cell communication and are implicated in the pathophysiology of oxidative stress-related diseases.

CELLS (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Advanced and Innovative Nano-Systems for Anticancer Targeted Drug Delivery

Lu Tang et al.

Summary: Nanotechnology plays a crucial role in cancer treatment, improving drug delivery efficiency and pharmacokinetics. Small molecule drugs and biological macromolecule drugs are the main types of anticancer agents, with nano-encapsulation technology playing a key role in their delivery.

PHARMACEUTICS (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Androgens alter the heterogeneity of small extracellular vesicles and the small RNA cargo in prostate cancer

Elena S. Martens-Uzunova et al.

Summary: The study found that circulating vesicles with CD9 and PSMA double-positive were increased in patients with advanced metastatic prostate cancer, while CD9 and CD63 double-positive small EVs were significantly higher in patients with localized prostate cancer. Androgen manipulation altered the heterogeneity and size of CD9 positive S-EVs in prostate cancer cells expressing AR, with no impact on the total number and protein cargo of S-EVs; hormone stimulation had strong and specific effects on the small RNA cargo of S-EVs.

JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Molecular evaluation of five different isolation methods for extracellular vesicles reveals different clinical applicability and subcellular origin

Rosanne E. Veerman et al.

Summary: The method for isolating EVs impacts sample type, interest in EV subtypes, sample volume, and budget, and there is no one-size-fits-all method for all studies.

JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

Biodistribution of extracellular vesicles following administration into animals: A systematic review

Matthew Kang et al.

Summary: The biodistribution of EVs in recipient animals is time-dependent, with small-EVs mostly abundant in the liver and large-EVs primarily present in the lungs. Detection peaked in the liver and kidneys within the first hour, while distribution to the lungs and spleen peaked between 2-12 hours. Standardized guidelines are recommended to reduce variability in methodology in future EV biodistribution studies.

JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

An engineered CD81-based combinatorial library for selecting recombinant binders to cell surface proteins: Laminin binding CD81 enhances cellular uptake of extracellular vesicles

Stefan Vogt et al.

Summary: Research has shown that by using the CD81 protein to recognize target antigens, the targeted delivery capability of EVs can be enhanced, and this has been validated in mammalian cells. Mutant sequences are reformatted into full-length CD81 and expressed in EVs produced by HeLa cells, showing improved uptake by specific antigens.

JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (2021)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Exosome-guided bone targeted delivery of Antagomir-188 as an anabolic therapy for bone loss

Yan Hu et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates a novel approach to target bone marrow through surface display of CXCR4 on exosomes, which are then fused with liposomes carrying antagomir-188 to produce hybrid nanoparticles. These nanoparticles selectively accumulate in bone marrow, release antagomir-188, promote osteogenesis, inhibit adipogenesis, and reverse bone loss conditions, presenting a promising therapeutic strategy for age-related bone loss.

BIOACTIVE MATERIALS (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Roles and mechanisms of exosomal non-coding RNAs in human health and diseases

Chen Li et al.

Summary: Exosomes act as mediators of cell-to-cell communication, playing a crucial role in regulating human health and diseases through non-coding RNA. Changes in exosomal ncRNAs may lead to tissue dysfunction, aging, and diseases.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2021)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Coupling size exclusion chromatography to ultracentrifugation improves detection of exosomal proteins from human plasma by LC-MS

Sara Alameldin et al.

Summary: The study found that using the UC + SEC method can more effectively enrich proteins in exosomes, and coupling UC and SEC can reduce plasma protein contamination by 98.8% compared to using UC alone.

PRACTICAL LABORATORY MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Enzymatically active apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 is released by mammalian cells through exosomes

Giovanna Mangiapane et al.

Summary: The study elucidated the mechanisms by which APE1 is secreted through exosomes and revealed its delivery in response to genotoxic stresses, shedding new light on its noncanonical biological functions in cancer biology.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

Potential effects of mesenchymal stem cell derived extracellular vesicles and exosomal miRNAs in neurological disorders

Masako Nakano et al.

Summary: Mesenchymal stem cells have potential therapeutic effects on neurological disorders by secreting paracrine factors and exosomal microRNAs. Studies have shown that these substances can improve neuronal dysfunction in models of various neurological disorders.

NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Biology

Exosomes derived from osteoclasts under compression stress inhibit osteoblast differentiation

Yue Wang et al.

Summary: Compression stress can affect communication between osteoclasts and osteoblasts, leading to changes in miRNA expression and influencing bone cell differentiation. Under compression, exosomes derived from osteoclasts have a stronger inhibitory effect on osteoblast differentiation.

BIOCELL (2021)

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Article Biology

Basing on microRNA-mRNA analysis identifies microRNA in exosomes associated with wound repair of diabetic ulcers

Peng Liu et al.

Summary: This study identified differential miRNAs and core genes related to diabetic ulcer through establishing a miRNA-mRNA regulatory network, revealing their associations with signal transduction, VEGF signaling pathway, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, etc. The findings suggest an important role of miRNAs in wound repair of diabetic ulcers.

BIOCELL (2021)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Engineered exosomes: desirable target-tracking characteristics for cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disease therapies

Meng Xu et al.

Summary: Exosomes, as extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, have great therapeutic potential in cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases due to their special properties. However, the poor targeting ability of natural exosomes limits their therapeutic effect. By using engineering technology to improve the targeting functions of exosomes, the therapeutic effects can be enhanced.

THERANOSTICS (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

Exosome DNA: Critical regulator of tumor immunity and a diagnostic biomarker

Aman Sharma et al.

JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Exosome-mediated siRNA delivery to suppress postoperative breast cancer metastasis

Liuwan Zhao et al.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2020)

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Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy statement on extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stromal cells and other cells: considerations for potential therapeutic agents to suppress coronavirus disease-19

Verena Boerger et al.

CYTOTHERAPY (2020)

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Article Oncology

被撤回的出版物: Exosome-mediated transfer of circRNA CircNFIX enhances temozolomide resistance in glioma (Retracted article. See vol. 533, 2022)

Chenyu Ding et al.

CANCER LETTERS (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Extracellular Vesicle and Particle Biomarkers Define Multiple Human Cancers

Ayuko Hoshino et al.

CELL (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Urinary Exosomal Thyroglobulin in Thyroid Cancer Patients With Post-ablative Therapy: A New Biomarker in Thyroid Cancer

Tse-Ying Huang et al.

FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY (2020)

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Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

miR-132-3p priming enhances the effects of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes on ameliorating brain ischemic injury

Qunwen Pan et al.

STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Dual-Isolation and Profiling of Circulating Tumor Cells and Cancer Exosomes from Blood Samples with Melanoma Using Immunoaffinity-Based Microfluidic Interfaces

Yoon-Tae Kang et al.

ADVANCED SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

Comparison of urinary extracellular vesicle isolation methods for transcriptomic biomarker research in diabetic kidney disease

Karina Barreiro et al.

JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (2020)

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Article Biology

Exosomes derived from circBCRC-3-knockdown mesenchymal stem cells promoted macrophage polarization

Qi Song et al.

BIOCELL (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

CD73+ extracellular vesicles inhibit angiogenesis through adenosine A2B receptor signalling

Roberta Angioni et al.

JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (2020)

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Article Oncology

Serum exosomal-annexin A2 is associated with African-American triple-negative breast cancer and promotes angiogenesis

Pankaj Chaudhary et al.

BREAST CANCER RESEARCH (2020)

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Review Biology

Mesenchymal stem cell derived extracellular vesicles: promising immunomodulators against autoimmune, autoinflammatory disorders and SARS-CoV-2 infection

Ozlem Bulut et al.

TURKISH JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

The future of Extracellular Vesicles as Theranostics - an ISEV meeting report

Carolina Soekmadji et al.

JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

Study of immune-tolerized cell lines and extracellular vesicles inductive environment promoting continuous expression and secretion of HLA-G from semiallograft immune tolerance during pregnancy

Kyoungshik Cho et al.

JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Proteases and glycosidases on the surface of exosomes: Newly discovered mechanisms for extracellular remodeling

Ralph D. Sanderson et al.

MATRIX BIOLOGY (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Golden Exosomes Selectively Target Brain Pathologies in Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Nisim Perets et al.

NANO LETTERS (2019)

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Review Cell Biology

Exosome-Mediated Metastasis: Communication from a Distance

Inbal Wortzel et al.

DEVELOPMENTAL CELL (2019)

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Article Oncology

Optimization of cell culture conditions for exosome isolation using mini-size exclusion chromatography (mini-SEC)

Nils Ludwig et al.

EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH (2019)

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Article Immunology

Use of extracellular vesicles from lymphatic drainage as surrogate markers of melanoma progression and BRAFV600E mutation

Susana Garcia-Silva et al.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2019)

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Review Neurosciences

New windows into the brain: Central nervous system-derived extracellular vesicles in blood

Min Shi et al.

PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY (2019)

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Review Cell Biology

Hematological Malignancy-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles and Tumor Microenvironment: The Art of Turning Foes into Friends

Ernesto Gargiulo et al.

CELLS (2019)

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Article Cell Biology

Anti-angiogenesis triggers exosomes release from endothelial cells to promote tumor vasculogenesis

Ye Zeng et al.

JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (2019)

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Article Cell Biology

Defining mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived small extracellular vesicles for therapeutic applications

Kenneth W. Witwer et al.

JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (2019)

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Article Cell Biology

Considerations towards a roadmap for collection, handling and storage of blood extracellular vesicles

Aled Clayton et al.

JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (2019)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Exosomes from M1-Polarized Macrophages Enhance Paclitaxel Antitumor Activity by Activating Macrophages-Mediated Inflammation

Piaopiao Wang et al.

THERANOSTICS (2019)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

Metabolic Signature of Microvesicles from Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Preterm and Term Infants

Maurizio Bruschi et al.

PROTEOMICS CLINICAL APPLICATIONS (2018)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

Comparison of commercial exosome isolation kits for circulating exosomal microRNA profiling

Meng Ding et al.

ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2018)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Possibility of Exosome-Based Therapeutics and Challenges in Production of Exosomes Eligible for Therapeutic Application

Takuma Yamashita et al.

BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN (2018)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Exosome enrichment by ultracentrifugation and size exclusion chromatography

Yong Qin Koh et al.

FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK (2018)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Chemotherapy induces secretion of exosomes loaded with heparanase that degrades extracellular matrix and impacts tumor and host cell behavior

Shyam K. Bandari et al.

MATRIX BIOLOGY (2018)

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Letter Oncology

Improved EGFR mutation detection using combined exosomal RNA and circulating tumor DNA in NSCLC patient plasma

A. K. Krug et al.

ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY (2018)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Clinical Translation of Organic Nanomaterials for Cancer Therapy: A Focus on Polymeric Nanoparticles, Micelles, Liposomes and Exosomes

Stefano Palazzoloa et al.

CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2018)

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Article Cell Biology

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines

Clotilde Thery et al.

JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (2018)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Cell type-specific and common characteristics of exosomes derived from mouse cell lines: Yield, physicochemical properties, and pharmacokinetics

Chonlada Charoenviriyakul et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (2017)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Altered cargo proteins of human plasma endothelial cell-derived exosomes in atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease

Edward J. Goetzl et al.

FASEB JOURNAL (2017)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Milk-derived exosomes for oral delivery of paclitaxel

Ashish K. Agrawal et al.

NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (2017)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Exosomes facilitate therapeutic targeting of oncogenic KRAS in pancreatic cancer

Sushrut Kamerkar et al.

NATURE (2017)

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Article Oncology

Detection of wild-type EGFR amplification and EGFRvIII mutation in CSF-derived extracellular vesicles of glioblastoma patients

Javier M. Figueroa et al.

NEURO-ONCOLOGY (2017)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Antibiotic-induced release of small extracellular vesicles (exosomes) with surface-associated DNA

Andrea Nemeth et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2017)

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Review Biochemical Research Methods

Exosome separation using microfluidic systems: size-based, immunoaffinity-based and dynamic methodologies

Fang Yang et al.

BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL (2017)

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Review Cell Biology

Biological roles and potential applications of immune cell-derived extracellular vesicles

Chuan Wen et al.

JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (2017)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Exosomes for the Enhanced Tissue Bioavailability and Efficacy of Curcumin

Farrukh Aqil et al.

AAPS JOURNAL (2017)

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Article Cell Biology

Effects of storage temperature on airway exosome integrity for diagnostic and functional analyses

Rosario Maroto et al.

JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (2017)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Impact of cell culture parameters on production and vascularization bioactivity of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles

Divya B. Patel et al.

BIOENGINEERING & TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2017)

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Article Oncology

High prevalence of mutant KRAS in circulating exosome-derived DNA from early-stage pancreatic cancer patients

K. Allenson et al.

ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY (2017)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Exosome-SIRPα, a CD47 blockade increases cancer cell phagocytosis

Eunee Koh et al.

BIOMATERIALS (2017)

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Article Cell Biology

Human vascular endothelial cells transport foreign exosomes from cow's milk by endocytosis

Rio Jati Kusuma et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY (2016)

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Article Oncology

Optimizing preservation of extracellular vesicular miRNAs derived from clinical cerebrospinal fluid

Johnny C. Akers et al.

CANCER BIOMARKERS (2016)

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Article Oncology

Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer: Cell-to-Cell Mediators of Metastasis

Annette Becker et al.

CANCER CELL (2016)

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Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Elucidation of Exosome Migration Across the Blood-Brain Barrier Model In Vitro

Claire C. Chen et al.

CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOENGINEERING (2016)

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Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Safety evaluation of exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cell

Li Sun et al.

CYTOTHERAPY (2016)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Exosomes from human mesenchymal stem cells conduct aerobic metabolism in term and preterm newborn infants

Isabella Panfoli et al.

FASEB JOURNAL (2016)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Urinary exosomal microRNA panel unravels novel biomarkers for diagnosis of type 2 diabetic kidney disease

Sanaa Eissa et al.

JOURNAL OF DIABETES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS (2016)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

Human urinary exosome proteome unveils its aerobic respiratory ability

Maurizio Bruschi et al.

JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS (2016)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Exosomes increase the therapeutic index of doxorubicin in breast and ovarian cancer mouse models

Mohamad Hadla et al.

NANOMEDICINE (2016)

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Article Oncology

Proteomic profiling of NCI-60 extracellular vesicles uncovers common protein cargo and cancer type-specific biomarkers

Stephanie N. Hurwitz et al.

ONCOTARGET (2016)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

The Effect of Glucose on the Release and Bioactivity of Exosomes From First Trimester Trophoblast Cells

Gregory E. Rice et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2015)

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Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Quantitative Analysis of Tissue Distribution of the B16BL6-Derived Exosomes Using a Streptavidin-Lactadherin Fusion Protein and Iodine-125-Labeled Biotin Derivative After Intravenous Injection in Mice

Masaki Morishita et al.

JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (2015)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Ultrafiltration with size-exclusion liquid chromatography for high yield isolation of extracellular vesicles preserving intact biophysical and functional properties

Joel Z. Nordin et al.

NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (2015)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Tumour exosome integrins determine organotropic metastasis

Ayuko Hoshino et al.

NATURE (2015)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Microenvironment-induced PTEN loss by exosomal microRNA primes brain metastasis outgrowth

Lin Zhang et al.

NATURE (2015)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Exosome Delivered Anticancer Drugs Across the Blood-Brain Barrier for Brain Cancer Therapy in Danio Rerio

Tianzhi Yang et al.

PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH (2015)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Advances and Challenges of Liposome Assisted Drug Delivery

Lisa Sercombe et al.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2015)

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Article Cell Biology

Extracellular vesicle in vivo biodistribution is determined by cell source, route of administration and targeting

Oscar P. B. Wiklander et al.

JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (2015)

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Article Cell Biology

Applying extracellular vesicles based therapeutics in clinical trials - an ISEV position paper

Thomas Lener et al.

JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES (2015)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Examination of the specificity of tumor cell derived exosomes with tumor cells in vitro

Tyson J. Smyth et al.

BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES (2014)

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Article Oncology

Cancer-Secreted miR-105 Destroys Vascular Endothelial Barriers to Promote Metastasis

Weiying Zhou et al.

CANCER CELL (2014)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Extracellular vesicles as drug delivery systems: Lessons from the liposome field

Roy van der Meel et al.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2014)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Exosomes for targeted siRNA delivery across biological barriers

Samir EL Andaloussi et al.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2013)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Visualization and in vivo tracking of the exosomes of murine melanoma B16-BL6 cells in mice after intravenous injection

Yuki Takahashi et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (2013)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

HIV Nef, Paxillin, and Pak1/2 Regulate Activation and Secretion of TACE/ADAM10 Proteases

Jung-Hyun Lee et al.

MOLECULAR CELL (2013)

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Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes increase ATP levels, decrease oxidative stress and activate PI3K/Akt pathway to enhance myocardial viability and prevent adverse remodeling after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury

Fatih Arslan et al.

STEM CELL RESEARCH (2013)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Melanoma exosomes educate bone marrow progenitor cells toward a pro-metastatic phenotype through MET

Hector Peinado et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2012)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Allometric scaling of pegylated liposomal anticancer drugs

Whitney P. Caron et al.

JOURNAL OF PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS (2011)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Body fluid derived exosomes as a novel template for clinical diagnostics

Sascha Keller et al.

JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2011)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Delivery of siRNA to the mouse brain by systemic injection of targeted exosomes

Lydia Alvarez-Erviti et al.

NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY (2011)

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Article Oncology

Prostate cancer-derived urine exosomes: a novel approach to biomarkers for prostate cancer

J. Nilsson et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER (2009)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Secretion of Active Membrane Type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP-14) Into Extracellular Space in Microvesicular Exosomes

Juha Hakulinen et al.

JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY (2008)

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