期刊
INSECTS
卷 13, 期 7, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/insects13070594
关键词
Mythimna separata; Spodoptera frugiperda; mandible; incisor lobe; deformed
类别
资金
- Major Science and Technology Project of Anhui Province [201903a06020027]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31901877]
- Young Talent Promotion Project of Anhui Association for Science and Technology [RCTJ202003]
The Hox gene Dfd plays an important role in the development of incisor lobes and feeding behavior in the oriental armyworm, but its function in the fall armyworm is unclear. This study found that knockdown of the Dfd gene resulted in malformed mandibles with no incisor lobe in the oriental armyworm, affecting its feeding pattern. However, the knockdown of Dfd did not have the same effect on the fall armyworm. These findings broaden our knowledge of the function of Dfd in mandibles and feeding behavior in insects.
Simple Summary Hox gene Deformed (Dfd) is important for head appendages, but its function in incisor lobe development is not clear. The different development pattern of incisor lobes resulted in different feeding patterns between oriental armyworm and fall armyworm in maize. The first to sixth instar S. frugiperda have sharp incisor lobes, but older instars of M. separata have no incisor lobes. Knockdown of MsDfd resulted in malformed mandibles with no incisor lobe in M. separata, making the larvae unable to perform window-feeding. However, RNAi of SfDfd did not affect the mandibles and window-feeding pattern of S. frugiperda. Moreover, the mortality of the new first instar M. separata increased after feeding with dsMsDfd but did not for S. frugiperda fed dsSfDfd. The results reveal that Dfd mediated the larval mandibular incisor lobe morphology, affecting its feeding pattern in M. separata. Mandibular incisor lobes are important for insect feeding behavior, living habits and niche. However, the molecular regulation of insect incisor lobe development remains unknown. In this study, we found that two maize pests, oriental armyworm Mythimna separata and fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda, have different feeding patterns in maize, which are closely associated with the different development patterns of their incisor lobes. Different from first to sixth instar S. frugiperda, which feed on leaf tissues and whorls with sharp incisor lobes, older instars of M. separata feed from leaf margins with no incisor lobes. Hox gene Deformed (Dfd) is important for head appendages, but its function in incisor lobe development is not clear. Here, Dfds were identified from two armyworm species, and both were expressed highly in heads and eggs. Interestingly, the expression levels of MsDfd were relatively high in larval mandibles and decreased dramatically from fourth-instar mandibles in M. separata. Knockdown of MsDfd resulted in malformed mandibles with no incisor lobe in M. separata, making the larvae unable to perform window-feeding. However, RNAi of SfDfd did not affect the mandibles and window-feeding pattern of S. frugiperda, indicating the different roles of Dfd in these two species. Moreover, the mortality of new first instar M. separata increased after feeding dsMsDfd but did not for S. frugiperda feeding dsSfDfd. These findings revealed that Dfd mediated the larval mandibular incisor lobe morphology, affecting its feeding pattern in M. separata, broadening the knowledge of Dfd functions in insect mandibles and feeding behavior.
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