Personalised Therapies for Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: When Target Is Not Everything

Simple Summary The purpose of the present review is to shed light on new molecular biomarkers in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), showing emerging therapeutic approaches related to specific molecular signatures and their mechanisms of action. A general overview of ongoing clinical trials, future perspectives and differences in approval by American and European regulatory authorities is provided. Triple-negative breast cancer-defined by the absence of oestrogen/progesterone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression-is a complex and heterogeneous type of tumour characterised by poor prognosis, aggressive behaviour and lack of effective therapeutic strategies. The identification of new biomarkers and molecular signatures is leading to development of new therapeutic strategies including immunotherapy, targeted therapy and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Against a background where chemotherapy has always been considered the standard of care, evolution towards a precision medicine approach could improve TNBC clinical practice in a complex scenario, with many therapeutic options and new drugs. The aim of this review was to focus on emerging therapeutic targets and their related specific therapy, discussing available and emerging drugs, underlining differences in approval by American and European regulatory authorities and showing the future perspective in the large number of ongoing clinical trials.

Automated summary

This review focuses on new molecular biomarkers and emerging therapeutic approaches in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), providing a general overview of ongoing clinical trials, future perspectives, and differences in approval by American and European regulatory authorities. TNBC is a complex and heterogeneous type of tumor characterized by poor prognosis, aggressive behavior, and lack of effective therapeutic strategies. The identification of new biomarkers and molecular signatures is leading to the development of new therapeutic strategies for TNBC, including immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and antibody-drug conjugates.