PCOS Physiopathology and Vitamin D Deficiency: Biological Insights and Perspectives for Treatment

Recent literature has stressed the importance of vitamin D (VD) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Women with PCOS are deficient in VD, particularly those with a higher weight. Hypovitaminosis is a risk factor for glucose intolerance, and reduced levels of VD is associated with insulin resistance and increased diabetes risk. Since women with PCOS and hirsutism seem to have lower levels of VD than women with PCOS without hirsutism, a correlation between VD deficiency and hyperandrogenism may be suggested. Interestingly, VD is crucial for many human physiological functions, including to counteract inflammation and oxidative stress. Some studies evaluated effects of VD supplementation on glucose homeostasis variables, hormonal status, lipid concentrations, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress among VD-deficient women. Moreover, VD has been shown to play a role in egg quality and fertility. This review aims to show the relationship between VD and the endocrine and metabolic profile of PCOS patients, as well as its implications for their fertility. The supplement of VD to the common therapy can lead to an improvement of the insulin resistance and lipid metabolism, a reduction of circulating androgens, as well as a better response to the induction of ovulation in PCOS women.

Automated summary

Recent literature highlights the importance of vitamin D (VD) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). VD deficiency is common in women with PCOS, especially those with a higher weight. Hypovitaminosis is a risk factor for glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and increased diabetes risk. VD deficiency may also be related to hyperandrogenism in PCOS patients. VD plays a crucial role in various physiological functions and has potential effects on glucose homeostasis, hormonal status, lipid concentrations, and inflammation and oxidative stress. VD supplementation has been shown to improve insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, and response to ovulation induction in PCOS women.