4.8 Article

Cenozoic megatooth sharks occupied extremely high trophic positions

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SCIENCE ADVANCES
卷 8, 期 25, 页码 -

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AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl6529

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资金

  1. Scott Fund of the Department of Geosciences, Princeton University
  2. National Science Foundation Sedimentary Geology and Paleobiology [1830581, 1830638, 1830480, 1830858]
  3. European Research Council Consolidator [681450]
  4. Max Planck Society
  5. American Chemical Society Award
  6. Petroleum Research Fund Undergraduate New Investigator Grant [54852-UNI2]
  7. Directorate For Geosciences [1830638] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
  8. Directorate For Geosciences
  9. Division Of Earth Sciences [1830581, 1830480, 1830858] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
  10. Division Of Earth Sciences [1830638] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
  11. European Research Council (ERC) [681450] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)

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In this study, the researchers validated the use of the N-15/N-14 ratio of enameloid-bound organic matter as a trophic level proxy and used it to reconstruct the trophic level of the megatooth sharks. The results showed that the extinct shark species, Otodus megalodon, occupied a higher trophic level than any known marine species. The study also revealed a dietary shift in the sharks as they evolved towards larger body sizes.
Trophic position is a fundamental characteristic of animals, yet it is unknown in many extinct species. In this study, we ground-truth the N-15/N-14 ratio of enameloid-bound organic matter (delta N-15(EB)) as a trophic level proxy by comparison to dentin collagen delta N-15 and apply this method to the fossil record to reconstruct the trophic level of the megatooth sharks (genus Otodus). These sharks evolved in the Cenozoic, culminating in Otodus megalodon, a shark with a maximum body size of more than 15 m, which went extinct 3.5 million years ago. Very high delta N-15(EB) values (22.9 +/- 4.4 parts per thousand) of O. megalodon from the Miocene and Pliocene show that it occupied a higher trophic level than is known for any marine species, extinct or extant. delta N-15(EB) also indicates a dietary shift in sharks of the megatooth lineage as they evolved toward the gigantic O. megalodon, with the highest trophic level apparently reached earlier than peak size.

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