Altered Expressions of Transfer RNA-Derived Small RNAs and microRNAs in the Vitreous Humor of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Knockdown of Long Non-coding RNA TUG1 Suppresses Migration and Tube Formation in High Glucose-Stimulated Human Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells by Sponging miRNA-145

Qian Shi et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that knockdown of TUG1 can protect hRMECs from damage under high glucose stimulation by regulating the miR-145/VEGF-A axis.

MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Ophthalmology

Plasma and Vitreous Metabolomics Profiling of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Hanying Wang et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the differences in metabolites and metabolic pathways between patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and nondiabetic controls in plasma and vitreous, as well as the relationship between plasma and vitreous metabolic profiles. The study found that there were significant differences in metabolomes between patients with PDR and controls in both plasma and vitreous. The pathway analysis revealed altered metabolic pathways, and there were positive correlations between vitreous and plasma in a few metabolic features.

INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE (2022)

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Review Toxicology

Role of the AMPK signalling pathway in the aetiopathogenesis of ocular diseases

Dhaval K. Shukal et al.

Summary: This review examines the role of the AMPK signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases, highlighting its significance in various eye disorders and providing information on AMPK-associated pathways.

HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY (2022)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Vitreous metabolomics profiling of proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Yohei Tomita et al.

Summary: The study identified a set of metabolites altered in the vitreous humour of PDR patients compared with non-diabetic controls, including both previously identified changes and novel dysregulated metabolites. By investigating the association of creatine with retinal NV and conducting oral supplementation experiments in a mouse model, the study suggests that metabolites in vitreous humour may provide insights into pathways influencing retinopathy, and that creatine supplementation could potentially be beneficial in suppressing NV in PDR.

DIABETOLOGIA (2021)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

The Aflibercept-Induced MicroRNA Profile in the Vitreous of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Patients Detected by Next-Generation Sequencing

Ju Guo et al.

Summary: This study identified highly expressed miRNAs in PDR patients and demonstrated that intravitreal aflibercept injection could reverse this alteration, potentially affecting cell sensitivity to drugs, angiogenesis, and retinal fibrosis.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Plasma Metabolomics Reveals Metabolic Profiling For Diabetic Retinopathy and Disease Progression

Yu Sun et al.

Summary: This study identified 22 differentially expressed metabolites associated with the occurrence of DR, with pseudouridine levels strongly linked to DR. Additionally, four circulating plasma metabolites were found to be differentially expressed in PDR patients, and a risk score formula based on these metabolites was significantly related to PDR.

FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

miRNA, lncRNA and circRNA: Targeted Molecules Full of Therapeutic Prospects in the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy

Xingyu Chang et al.

Summary: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common and serious complication of diabetes, leading to worldwide blindness. Noncoding RNAs, such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of DR by regulating gene expression and affecting various biological processes in the retina. Understanding the role of ncRNAs in DR can potentially lead to new therapeutic directions and targets.

FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Stimulation of AMPK Prevents Diabetes-Induced Photoreceptor Cell Degeneration

Shiyu Song et al.

Summary: The study investigated the effect of AMPK on diabetes-induced photoreceptor cell degeneration. Results showed that AMPK activation can delay diabetes-induced photoreceptor degeneration by regulating autophagy and mitochondrial function. AMPK has a positive regulatory role in diabetic retinopathy.

OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY (2021)

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Article Immunology

The IL-23/IL-17 axis promotes the formation of retinal neovascularization by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages in an experimental retinopathy mouse model

Ailing Sui et al.

Summary: The IL-23/IL-17 axis was found to promote the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in retinal macrophages of an OIR mouse model, thus promoting the formation of RNV.

IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

New Insight into the Effects of Metformin on Diabetic Retinopathy, Aging and Cancer: Nonapoptotic Cell Death, Immunosuppression, and Effects beyond the AMPK Pathway

Sheng-Kai Hsu et al.

Summary: Under metabolic stress conditions, such as hypoxia and glucose deprivation, an increase in the AMP:ATP ratio activates the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, which modulates cellular metabolism and protects cells from degradation or pathogenic changes. Metformin, widely used in T2DM patients, activates the AMPK pathway to regulate blood sugar and may exert effects beyond diabetes treatment, including potential anticancer effects and modulation of nonapoptotic cell death pathways. The review also discusses possible antimetastatic and immunosuppressive effects of metformin, suggesting promising cancer prevention strategies for the future.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Expression profiles and potential roles of transfer RNA-derived small RNAs in atherosclerosis

Xiangqin He et al.

Summary: This study explored the expression profile of tsRNAs in atherosclerosis and their potential roles in regulating cell adhesion molecules pathway. One specific tsRNA, tRF-Gly-GCC, may serve as a promising target for suppressing abnormal vessel functions in the progression of atherosclerosis.

JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Ophthalmology

Metabolomics Analyses of Mouse Retinas in Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy

Yedi Zhou et al.

Summary: This study identified significantly altered amino acids and their derivatives in the process of retinal neovascularization, suggesting their involvement in the pathogenesis of retinal neovascular diseases. Associated pathways such as ABC transporters and central carbon metabolism in cancer were predicted to play a role in the changed metabolites.

INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism