Role of Time-Reversal Symmetry in the Dynamical Response of One-Way Nonlinear Devices

We study the role of time-reversal symmetry on the dynamical response of nonlinear optical systems that behave as unidirectional (one-way) devices. It is shown that lossless nonlinear materials, despite being nonreciprocal, are typically time-reversal invariant. This property raises an apparent paradox because timereversal-invariant systems are forcibly bidirectional. Here, we present a solution for this conundrum, and theoretically explain why the one-way behavior can indeed be compatible with the time-reversal invariance. It is found that in the time-reversed problem the incident waves have a variation in time that is generally incompatible with the adiabatic approximation. For this reason, the adiabatic approximation fails to predict the bidirectional nature of nonlinear systems. We discuss the implications of this finding on the performance of practical nonlinear one-way devices.

Automated summary

This study examines the impact of time-reversal symmetry on the dynamic response of nonlinear optical systems that exhibit one-way behavior. It is discovered that nonreciprocal lossless nonlinear materials are typically time-reversal invariant, which raises a paradox since time-reversal invariant systems should be bidirectional. A solution to this conundrum is presented, explaining the compatibility of one-way behavior with time-reversal invariance. It is found that the adiabatic approximation fails to predict the bidirectional nature of nonlinear systems due to the variation in time of incident waves in the time-reversed problem.