Numerical Study of Lid-Driven Hybrid Nanofluid Flow in a Corrugated Porous Cavity in the Presence of Magnetic Field

The lid-driven top wall's influence combined with the side walls' waviness map induce the mixed convection heat transfer, flow behavior, and entropy generation of a hybrid nanofluid (Fe3O4-MWCNT/water), a process analyzed through the present study. The working fluid occupies a permeable cubic chamber and is subjected to a magnetic field. The governing equations are solved by employing the GFEM method. The results show that the magnetic force significantly affects the working fluid's thermal and flow behavior, where the magnetic force's perpendicular direction remarkably improves the thermal distribution at Re = 500. Also, increasing Ha and decreasing Re drops both the irreversibility and the heat transfer rate. In addition, the highest undulation number on the wavy-sided walls gives the best heat transfer rate and the highest irreversibility.

Automated summary

This study investigates the influence of the lid-driven top wall and the waviness of the side walls on the mixed convection heat transfer, flow behavior, and entropy generation of a hybrid nanofluid. The results show that the magnetic force plays a significant role in the thermal and flow behavior of the working fluid, and the undulation number of the wavy side walls has a strong impact on the heat transfer rate and irreversibility.