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Letter
Anesthesiology
C. Egan et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wanwisa Dejnirattisai et al.
Summary: On November 24, 2021, the sequence of a new SARS-CoV-2 variant, Omicron-B.1.1.529, was announced. Compared to previous variants, Omicron has a higher number of mutations in the Spike (S) protein. Serum neutralization of Omicron by individuals vaccinated or previously infected with Alpha, Beta, Gamma, or Delta variants is significantly reduced or ineffective. Third vaccine doses can boost neutralization titers against Omicron, and high titers are observed in both vaccinated individuals and those infected with the Delta variant. Most potent monoclonal antibodies and antibodies under development are unable to effectively neutralize Omicron due to mutations in its Spike protein. Omicron has structural changes compared to earlier viruses and utilizes mutations that enhance its binding to ACE2, allowing for immune escape. This results in a large number of mutations in the ACE2 binding site and a rebalancing of receptor affinity similar to earlier pandemic viruses.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura A. VanBlargan et al.
Summary: The emergence of the B.1.1.529 Omicron variant raises concerns about the efficacy of antibody countermeasures. This study shows that some of the antibodies currently in clinical use may lose their ability to neutralize the Omicron variant.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jennifer Hammond et al.
Summary: In high-risk, unvaccinated adults, treatment of Covid-19 with nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir can significantly reduce the risk of hospitalization and death, with good safety profile.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Yueh-Ming Loo et al.
Summary: AZD7442, a combination of two monoclonal antibodies, has the potential to prevent and treat COVID-19 by neutralizing the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It has shown encouraging results in preventing infection and accelerating virus clearance in animal models. The ongoing phase 1 study has also demonstrated its ability to provide long-lasting protection in healthy participants. This research is significant in providing additional options for COVID-19 prevention and treatment.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
News Item
Medicine, General & Internal
Matthew Limb
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Phoebe Danza et al.
MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Michela Antonelli et al.
Summary: Despite the high efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, some individuals still become infected with SARS-CoV-2 post-vaccination. Risk factors for post-vaccination infection include frailty in older adults, living in deprived areas, and obesity. Vaccination is associated with reduced odds of severe symptoms and long-duration illness. The findings suggest the importance of targeting at-risk populations and maintaining infection control measures even in vaccinated individuals.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Vanessa Piechotta et al.
News Item
Infectious Diseases
Sharmila Devi
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Myron J. Levin et al.
Summary: A single dose of AZD7442 showed efficacy in preventing Covid-19 without evident safety concerns. The study suggests that AZD7442 may provide potential protection for individuals who have an inadequate response to vaccination or an increased risk of exposure.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sho Iketani et al.
Summary: The identification of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 in Botswana in November 2021 sparked concern due to the spike protein alterations that could potentially evade antibodies. Further studies showed that the Omicron sublineages, BA.1+R346K and BA.2, are antigenically similar to the wild-type virus and pose similar risks to the effectiveness of current vaccines. BA.2 also demonstrated resistance to many neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, highlighting the challenges in developing effective therapeutic options.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
D. M. Weinreich et al.
Summary: REGEN-COV reduced the risk of Covid-19-related hospitalization or death, resolved symptoms, and reduced the SARS-CoV-2 viral load more rapidly than the placebo.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Anil Gupta et al.
Summary: In this study, among nonhospitalized patients with symptomatic Covid-19, sotrovimab treatment significantly reduced the risk of disease progression leading to hospitalization or death compared to placebo. Patients receiving sotrovimab also had a lower rate of serious adverse events.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Steven A. Kemp et al.
Summary: Chronic infection with SARS-CoV-2 can lead to viral evolution and increased resistance to neutralizing antibodies in immunosuppressed individuals treated with convalescent plasma. During convalescent plasma therapy, there were significant shifts in the viral population structure and sensitivity, suggesting strong selection pressure on the virus during treatment.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Zelalem G. Dessie et al.
Summary: Chronic comorbidities, complications, and demographic factors such as acute kidney injury, COPD, diabetes, hypertension, CVD, cancer, increased D-dimer, male gender, older age, current smoker, and obesity are identified as clinical risk factors for fatal outcomes related to coronavirus mortality, according to large dataset from 42 studies involving 423,117 patients. The findings provide valuable insights for future research, control, and prevention of the disease.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
Prerak Juthani et al.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
M. Dougan et al.
Summary: In this phase 3 trial, the combination of bamlanivimab plus etesevimab was found to reduce the incidence of Covid-19-related hospitalization and death among high-risk ambulatory patients compared to placebo, and also accelerated the decline in SARS-CoV-2 viral load.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
M. P. O'Brien et al.
Summary: The study indicates that subcutaneous REGEN-COV can effectively prevent severe Covid-19 and reduce the duration of symptoms in individuals at high risk for infection due to household exposure to confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Peter Phiri et al.
Summary: Emerging evidence suggests a negative and disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on Black, Asian, and minority ethnic communities, especially in the UK's National Health Service where BAME healthcare workers have experienced higher mortality rates. The ethical and moral implications of this situation could exacerbate the mental health effects of the pandemic on these communities.
JMIR PUBLIC HEALTH AND SURVEILLANCE
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
J. C. Marshall et al.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2020)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Utkarsh Agrawal et al.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2020)
