Cardiovascular Damage in COVID-19: What We Know Two Years Later

Editorial Material Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Collateral cardiovascular damage during the COVID-19 pandemic

Ramesh Nadarajah et al.

Summary: Research has shown that increased total ischaemic time for STEMI patients during the COVID-19 pandemic was linked to larger infarct size and elevated markers of myocardial damage.

NATURE REVIEWS CARDIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Combined Role of Troponin and Natriuretic Peptides Measurements in Patients With Covid-19 (from the Cardio-COVID-Italy Multicenter Study)

Annamario Iorio et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the combined prognostic value of natriuretic peptide (NP) and troponin in patients with COVID-19. The findings showed that patients with elevated levels of both NP and troponin had a higher risk of death, and NP provided risk stratification even in patients with normal troponin values.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Patients hospitalised with heart failure across different waves of the COVID-19 pandemic show consistent clinical characteristics and outcomes

Irfan A. Rind et al.

Summary: This study analyzed the hospitalizations of acute heart failure (HF) patients during different lockdown periods of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that the clinical characteristics and outcomes of HF patients remained consistent across different waves. Patients hospitalized during subsequent waves received a more rapid optimization of medical therapy. Therefore, attention should be paid to preventing collateral cardiovascular damage during public health emergencies.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on in-hospital mortality in cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis

Antonio Cannata et al.

Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, in-hospital mortality among patients with CV diseases increased compared to periods outside the pandemic, regardless of COVID-19 co-infection. The largest increase in mortality was observed in studies with the biggest decline in admission rates, indicating a sicker cohort of patients during this period. Further well-designed studies are needed to fully understand the extent of mortality unrelated to COVID-19 infection.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Long-term outcomes after heart failure hospitalization during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multisite report from heart failure referral centers in London

Anawinla Ta Anyu et al.

Summary: This study compares the long-term outcomes of heart failure patients hospitalized in two South London referral centers during the COVID-19 pandemic with those hospitalized in 2019. The results show that all-cause mortality after discharge remained significantly higher for patients admitted in 2020.

ESC HEART FAILURE (2022)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

COVID-19 and Heart Failure: From Epidemiology During the Pandemic to Myocardial Injury, Myocarditis, and Heart Failure Sequelae

Leonardo Italia et al.

Summary: The relationship between heart failure (HF) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is complex, with COVID-19 pandemic causing a reduction in HF hospitalizations but increasing HF mortality. Pre-existing HF is a risk factor for a more severe clinical course of COVID-19, and myocardial injury is common in COVID-19 patients, potentially leading to HF. Further research is needed to fully understand the long-term consequences of cardiac involvement in COVID-19 patients.

FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Atrial fibrillation in dilated cardiomyopathy: Outcome prediction from an observational registry

Vincenzo Nuzzi et al.

Summary: In patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, permanent atrial fibrillation (permAF) is associated with older age, more severe NYHA class, and larger left atrium diameter compared to sinus rhythm (SR) patients. Patients with paroxysmal/persistent AF have characteristics between permAF and SR. Developing permAF during long-term follow-up is associated with a higher rate of adverse outcome events compared to patients without permAF.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Pathological Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 as a Cause of Myocarditis JACC Review Topic of the Week

Rika Kawakami et al.

Summary: Myocarditis is rare in COVID-19 patients, with virus detected in the heart in only a few cases. Myocarditis may be caused by macrophages and T cells, but it does not represent clinically relevant myocarditis.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2021)

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Editorial Material Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

The collateral cardiovascular damage of COVID-19: only history will reveal the depth of the iceberg

Antonio Cannata et al.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Myocarditis after Covid-19 Vaccination in a Large Health Care Organization

Guy Witberg et al.

Summary: Among 2.5 million patients who received the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in a large Israeli health care system, the incidence of myocarditis at 42 days was 2.13 cases per 100,000 persons, with the highest incidence (10.69 per 100,000 persons) among male patients between the ages of 16 and 29 years. Most cases of myocarditis were mild or moderate.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Early cardiac involvement in patients with acute COVID-19 infection identified by multiparametric cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging

Bing-Hua Chen et al.

Summary: In early-stage COVID-19 patients, myocardial edema and functional abnormalities are common findings, while irreversible regional damage such as necrosis may be rare.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Prognostic Value of Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction Assessed by 3D Echocardiography in COVID-19 Patients

Yanting Zhang et al.

Summary: Measuring RV function in COVID-19 patients using 3D-RVEF can predict mortality, with 3D-RVEF being the most robust independent predictor of death in COVID-19 patients and providing higher predictive value compared to conventional RV function parameters.

FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Impaired Right Ventricular Longitudinal Strain Without Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients Who Have Recovered From COVID-19

Vincenzo Nuzzi et al.

CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Heart Failure Association of the ESC, Heart Failure Society of America and Japanese Heart Failure Society Position statement on endomyocardial biopsy

Petar M. Seferovic et al.

Summary: Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is an invasive procedure commonly used for monitoring heart transplant rejection and diagnosing various cardiac disorders. Advances in EMB equipment and techniques have improved diagnostic precision. An expert consensus document provides a comprehensive overview on EMB, covering practical approaches, updated indications, revised surveillance plans, the impact of multimodality imaging, and current global clinical practices.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

SARS-CoV-2, myocardial injury and inflammation: insights from a large clinical and autopsy study

Matteo Dal Ferro et al.

Summary: Myocarditis is rarely found in autopsy cohorts of COVID-19 patients and is not associated with the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in cardiomyocytes. Chronic and acute myocardial damage is consistently present and correlates with the severity of the COVID-19 disease and pre-existing comorbidities.

CLINICAL RESEARCH IN CARDIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Left ventricular global longitudinal strain in COVID-19 recovered patients

Sudhanshu Mahajan et al.

Summary: Subclinical left ventricle dysfunction was seen in nearly a third of recovered COVID-19 patients, while 10.5% had right ventricle dysfunction. A closer follow-up among COVID-19 recovered subjects is needed to elucidate long-term cardiovascular outcomes.

ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY-A JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR ULTRASOUND AND ALLIED TECHNIQUES (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Implications of atrial fibrillation on the clinical course and outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients: results of the Cardio-COVID-Italy multicentre study

Sara Paris et al.

Summary: Among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, a history of atrial fibrillation is associated with a higher mortality rate and more in-hospital events, including new-onset atrial fibrillation, acute heart failure, and multiorgan failure. The increased risk of mortality remains significant after adjusting for variables related to COVID-19 severity and comorbidities.

EUROPACE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Safety of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in a Nationwide Setting

Noam Barda et al.

Summary: The study found that after receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine, most adverse events were not associated with an increased risk, although there was a slight increase in the risk of myocarditis. On the other hand, infection with the Covid-19 virus significantly increased the risk of many serious adverse events.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

The prognostic value of serial troponin measurements in patients admitted for COVID-19

Vincenzo Nuzzi et al.

Summary: In this study, the early in-hospital evolution of myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients was analyzed, with results suggesting that re-testing for myocardial injury on the second day provides prognostic value. A significant proportion of patients with incident myocardial injury on Day 2 were identified as high risk of death only by the second measurement.

ESC HEART FAILURE (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Long-term outcomes after heart failure hospitalization during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multisite report from heart failure referral centers in London

Anawinla Ta Anyu et al.

Summary: This study examined long-term outcomes of heart failure patients hospitalized during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in two London referral centers, comparing them to patients hospitalized in 2019. The results showed that patients admitted in 2020 had significantly higher all-cause mortality after discharge compared to the equivalent period in 2019, possibly due to differences in place of care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further studies are needed to identify predictors of these adverse outcomes and improve outpatient management during this critical period in the management of acute HF.

ESC HEART FAILURE (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19: characteristics and outcomes in the Cardio-COVID Italy multicenter study

Pietro Ameri et al.

Summary: This study found that a notable proportion of hospitalized COVID-19 patients experienced pulmonary embolism, with implications for bleeding events and the role of d-dimer needing further clarification.

CLINICAL RESEARCH IN CARDIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

COVID-19 and the Heart

Akbarshakh Akhmerov et al.

CIRCULATION RESEARCH (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Myocardial localization of coronavirus in COVID-19 cardiogenic shock

Guido Tavazzi et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Cardiac Involvement in Patients Recovered From COVID-2019 Identified Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Lu Huang et al.

JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Prognostic Value of Right Ventricular Longitudinal Strain in Patients With COVID-19

Yuman Li et al.

JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Cardiovascular Implications of Fatal Outcomes of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Tao Guo et al.

JAMA CARDIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Association of Cardiac Injury With Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China

Shaobo Shi et al.

JAMA CARDIOLOGY (2020)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Usefulness of echocardiography to detect cardiac involvement in COVID-19 patients

Matteo Cameli et al.

ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY-A JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR ULTRASOUND AND ALLIED TECHNIQUES (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Prevalence and Impact of Myocardial Injury in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Infection

Anuradha Lala et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2020)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Special Article - Acute myocardial injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection: A review

Chirag Bavishi et al.

PROGRESS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Pathological features of COVID-19-associated myocardial injury: a multicentre cardiovascular pathology study

Cristina Basso et al.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Temporal trends in decompensated heart failure and outcomes duringCOVID-19: a multisite report from heart failure referral centres inLondon

Antonio Cannata et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Global evaluation of echocardiography in patients with COVID-19

Marc R. Dweck et al.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Association of Troponin Levels With Mortality in Italian Patients Hospitalized With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Results of a Multicenter Study

Carlo Mario Lombardi et al.

JAMA CARDIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Impact of heart failure on the clinical course and outcomes of patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Results of the Cardio-COVID-Italy multicentre study

Daniela Tomasoni et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Pericardial effusion in patients with COVID-19: case series

Francois Sauer et al.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CASE REPORTS (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Troponin Elevation in Older Patients with Acute Pneumonia: Frequency and Prognostic Value

Alain Putot et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Characterization of Myocardial Injury in Patients With COVID-19

Gennaro Giustino et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

COVID-19 fulminant myocarditis: a case report

Wikler Bernal-Torres et al.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CASE REPORTS (2020)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018)

Kristian Thygesen et al.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Improving performance of 3D speckle tracking in arterial hypertension and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation by using novel strain parameters

G. Esposito et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2019)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Dabigatran in patients with myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MANAGE): an international, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

P. J. Devereaux et al.

LANCET (2018)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Role of Admission Troponin-T and Serial Troponin-T Testing in Predicting Outcomes in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock

Saraschandra Vallabhajosyula et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION (2017)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Elevated Troponin after Stroke: A Systematic Review

Gillian Kerr et al.

CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES (2009)

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Cardiovascular Damage in COVID-19: What We Know Two Years Later

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